My Philosophy Of Teaching Literacy - 3052 Words

Jennifer Blalock Philosophical Statement: My Philosophy of Teaching Literacy CTGE 5549: Carol Manocchi My Philosophy of Teaching Literacy Defining Literacy I am currently a high school teacher of Living Environment in a public school in the Bronx. Over 80% of the students at my school are on reduced lunch. Additionally, over 98% of my students are Latino/Hispanic and African American. As I come to define what literacy means to me as a teacher, I begin to come to realize that my own definition of literacy is highly influenced by my personal experiences in life. I grew up in a single parent home in a rough part of town and attended a school that was majority Latino/Hispanic and African American throughout my academic career until I reached college. The university where I attended was the complete opposite: most of the students were white with only a handful of students of other ethnicities. While in college, I remember being self-conscious about my ability to both read and speak. Public speaking was one of my phobias during my undergraduate career. I noticed that all of my white colleagues were articulate with their speech and never seeme d to stumble over words. Myself on the other hand, I struggled with certain root words and for that reason I never wanted to speak out in class. However, I believe the most frustrating part of this whole experience was the lack of understanding from my colleagues. For them, reading and speaking was something that justShow MoreRelatedTeaching Philosophy and Rationale1001 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1: Teaching Philosophy and Rationale In designing a teaching philosophy and rationale, it is important to recognise at the outset that students or learners have different abilities, needs, cultural backgrounds and learning styles. Positive attitudes are sustained when classroom approaches centre on learning and not on teaching. For them to acquire knowledge and skills, they like to be engaged and encouraged where they partake in the processes of their learning despite their cultural diversitiesRead MoreMy Personal Statement For Teaching Reading772 Words   |  4 Pagescourse and specifically searching for the modules that have given me the most information, taught me something new or expanded my knowledge on a specific topic of reading, I have come to realize how far I have come since I began this adventure. I began these courses after graduating from Marshall with my bachelors. I chose this path because of my love for reading and teaching reading. I have come to realize that these courses have enabled me to become a m ore effective reading teacher and I now haveRead MoreEssentialism is an educational philosophy in which it is important to â€Å"promote and instill cultural600 Words   |  3 PagesEssentialism is an educational philosophy in which it is important to â€Å"promote and instill cultural literacy in all students† (Morrison, 2009, p.338). Teachers only teach the basic skills that they think are necessary for educational and cultural growth. I noticed several things throughout my experience with the school system which leads me to suggest that our school system is based on the philosophy of essentialism. Essentialists believe that a curriculum that develops cultural literacy and basic skills isRead More Educational Philosophies Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesEducational Philosophies Many different ideas of the correct educational philosophy exist. Highly acclaimed psychologists and educators developed these varying philosophies. Each of these philosophies have their strengths and weaknesses and have their positives and negatives in different situations. It is our job as educators to sift through this list of philosophies to find our own style and philosophy. We must research the pros and cons of each philosophy and pick and choose which sectionsRead MoreTeaching Literacy Strategies For Developing Literacy974 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy instruction should provide students with a variety of opportunities to read, write, listen, and speak. Getting to know my students is extremely important to me because I believe students’ interests need to be considered when developing literacy lessons. It also helps when choosing books to read aloud to the class and when choosing books for the class library. I believe in scaffolding my lessons and using the different strategies that we learned about in class. I will use many of the strategiesRead MoreI Am A Great Philosophy Of Education1104 Words   |  5 PagesTeachers need a great philosophy of education, which includes a great philosophy of literacy. The philosophy of literacy contains two parts, which are the philosophy of reading and the philosophy of writing. Every teacher has their own belief in what constitutes a great literacy program. â€Å"Balanced reading is deep-rooted in the belief that teachers should constantly be aware of student individual needs and progress† (Bennett, n.d.). I will be discussing my philosophy of reading and my beliefs on what constitutesRead MoreA Personal Philosophy Of Education869 Words   |  4 Pageshealthcare field continues to evolve so must the nursing education system. Personal Philosophy of Education A personal philosophy of education is important to all Nurse Educators. It allows for the Nurse Educator to truly take time to reflect and reconnect to themselves and their profession; highlighting what is central and sacred to them as an individual, a nurse, and an educator. I believe that my personal philosophy of education will continue to progress and change just as healthcare and our educationalRead MoreLiteracy Is The Cornerstone For All Learning926 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy is the cornerstone to all learning; it is imperative to future academic success. (Tracey and Morrow, 2012). Due to the significance of literacy instruction, there are a myriad of ways to teach literacy. Literacy is a complex subject, honing in on balancing reading, writing, speaking, and listening. As a result of the complexity of literacy instruction, we arrive at the age-old debate of what is the best literacy instruction. My philosophy of literacy instruction centralizes around theRead MoreT he National Reading Panel ( A Short Note On ) And The International Reading Association ( Ira )1034 Words   |  5 PagesInternational Reading Association (IRA) are two different associations that provide research findings on the best practices for teaching and learning literacy. Reading and understanding the findings of both associations is important for educators and parents to boost the literacy rates of our children. Below I will summarize the reading standards that our outlined by both and provide my thoughts and insights. The NRP concludes that children need to be taught certain instructional methods to excel in readingRead MoreStrategies For Teaching Writing As A Group1634 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies for teaching writing as a group, we presented a well-rounded daily task to the discussion board, awaiting students in our learning group to respond. It s these responses that will guide this section of the folio and my own personal reflection regarding my role in the group. From day one of our posts students has responded well. One post that was submitted by Skinner (2017) has supported my own views of literacy; the post was that handwriting skills should be integrated into the literacy curriculum

What We Learn Nature or Nurture - 1150 Words

Biology, or heritability, seems to affect intelligence by about 75 percent. While experience, learning, and environment seems to amount to about 25 percent of intelligence. Though in adulthood heritability can account for more than 80 percent of intelligence. Unfortunately, it is hard to fully determine the full effect of heritability because it is a statistic of a group as a whole and not an individual. If a person had more time dedicated to their experience, learning, and an environment of greater quality the outcome would be significantly different. An Example of this how students in Japan are subject to school for nine to 12 hours a day six days a week, and the budget for their education system is immensely larger than that of the†¦show more content†¦While acting as this second eye view, thats like a mirror of the persons own cognitions, the therapist uses genuineness by throughly hearing what the person is saying and genuinely applies what the therapist perceives towa rds the persons self-fulfillment, otherwise giving insight in a self confident way. Through this the therapist uses unconditional positive regard, freeing the person of conditions of worth—the standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others—by creating a fuzzy—loving environment in which the therapist never undermines the client as a person, and utilizes empathy to become the parent that the person never had, as demonstrated in the Carl Rodgers and Gloria movie. This must be done because the humanistic theory believes that parents needed to utilize unconditional positive regard so the child can avoid difficulties associated with conditions of worth; so the therapist becomes the parent or guardian the person always wanted helping them find their identity. This is call client-centered therapy. The Rogerian therapy focuses on the conscious mind and self-actualization as the most healing process. The Humanistic or Rogerian approach to personality says that personality develops from a persons intuitive, organismic motives to prosper and self-actualization. These nourishing predispositions can be subverted by social pressure. Furthermore,Show MoreRelatedIs Nature Or Nurture?1439 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen debating which issue, nature or nurture, has a bigger impact on an individual’s life. Both of these arguments touch on important points which makes for an interesting but yet difficult topic when choosing what shapes personality. Nature is each human’s individual genetic makeup, which is influenced by genetics and biological factors. Nurture is the influence of outside factors based on each person’s experiences. Until we understand more about both nature and nurture and their impact on humanRead MoreLanguage Acquisition : Study Of How Humans Acquire A Set Of Semantic, Syntactic And Phonological Categories Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesother species do communicate with an innate ability to produce a limited number of meaningful words, but there is no other species that can express sentences with speech sounds and words. This ability is truly remarkable in itself. (Lemetyinen, H) What makes it even more remarkable is that researchers are finding evidence of this complex skill in increasingly younger children. Infants as young as 12 months are reported to have understanding to the grammar needed to recognize relevant sentences. AfterRead MoreThe Influential Difference Between Environment And Heredity1610 Words   |  7 Pagesand these traits made us who we are. But that’s not the whole story about it. We are not just similar because we have the same traits, but we are also uniquely different from our environment and heredity causes, or maybe our freewill and other unknown factors. Our personalities are so unique that we are the only person in this whole universe. No one else is the same, and even identical twins are differe nt. We are us, and only us. So how does that work out? Why are we so different? What’s the influentialRead MoreA Research Study On Identical Twins1723 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing to turn out to be similar in their social interactions because of their genetic make-up. People who look a certain way will often face the same struggles in life and learn from the same experiences and in that way turn out to be similar. If both twins are overweight, they will face fat shaming and bullying, they will learn how to not listen to rude people or they will not be able to take it and cry and become sad and unhappy with their lives. If the twins are black, they will probably face differentRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: a Biblical Perspective1531 Words   |  7 PagesRUNNING TITLE: Nature vs. Nurture Nature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective Ouida Lynne Heath Psychology 101, Module 5 Professor Roberts December 17, 2009 Nature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective The Nature versus Nurture debate has been ongoing for centuries. People have tried to gain power through knowledge in determining what causes the human â€Å"mind to tick.† For centuries leaders and scientists haveRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Debate1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has been controversial to psychologist since the phrase was created in 1869 is â€Å"Nature vs Nurture†. Although the debate was started well before then, 1869 was the first time it was tied to the debate. The nature vs nurture debate is over whether you get your behavior from genetics, what you inherited from your biological parents, or if they are learned characteristics, what you learn from the environment and what you get taught. The debate can be traced back to early western philosophy and is stillRead MoreThe Debate Between Nature Vs Nurture1697 Words   |  7 PagesWhat determines who you are or what you will become? The debate between nature versus nurture is trying to figure this out. According to â€Å"Essentials of Psychology†, Jeffrey S. Nevid (2012) Nature versus nurture is the debate about how genetics and nature determine our behavior. In other words, have your attitude, behavior and health problems developed because of how you were raised or who you came from. It is a debate that has stumped psychologists for centuries. The study of twins, both identicalRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe Nature versus Nurture debate has been ongoing for centuries. People have tried to gain power through knowledge in determining what causes the human â€Å"mind to tick.† For centuries leaders and scientists have performed unethical and immoral studies to determine why two people with similar genetic composition can come from similar backgrounds and turn out so differently. I have witnessed a person raised in a poor home by parents with drug addictions become a thriving contributable member of societyRead MoreThe Effect Of Environmental And Genetics On The Development Of A Person1000 Words   |  4 Pagesa person. Both nature and nurture have been proven to play an important role in one’s development. Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure, experience and learning on an individual. Throughout this paper the effects of environmental and genetics factors on a person will be discussed, and one will learn how they aid inRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: Parents or Environment Essay example571 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand, thus making the topic of nature vs. nurture extremely controversial. The debates always show that nature and nurture contrast but then there may be evidence that suggest that the two are linked and a person is actually an enigma characterized by the mixture of predisposed genetics and enviro nmental influences. The idea that nature and nurture are joined is great to oppose nativists, people on the nature side, and empiricists, people sided with nurture. As mentioned before, the topic is

Effect Of Society Over Gender And Sexual Identity Essay

Effect of Society over Gender and Sexual Identity When Alex was born, his parents were delighted to add another boy to their family. As their baby boy began to grow and develop, they noticed that Alex began to express himself in a manner that they viewed as more feminine than masculine. He gravitated toward dolls and other toys that the culture often associates with girls. Concerned with the social ramifications associated with their child trying to be transgendered, they made the decision to not let Alex live as a girl. They came to this decision after foreseeing the criticism he would endure from his peers and other members of society. For example, children in the American culture who do not act according to the culture’s gender role may undergo name-calling. Children in Hispanic cultures may actually suffer physical violence if their conduct does not match the culture’s gender roles. Thus, when it comes to gender social influences have more control over a person choice of identity. Parents and culture are two of the most influential environmental factors shaping gender and sexual identity, children learn at young age that there are distinct expectations for boys and girls. As a person grow, they learn how to behave from those around them. One way children learn gender roles is through their parents. In many cultures, the masculine role is associated with strength, aggression, and dominance while the feminine role is associated with passivity, nurturing, andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Gender Dysphoria Caused by Gender Identity776 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Dysphoria caused by Gender Identity Introduction Gender as defined by society as a division between biological sex and the roles you must take on in society. In reality gender is a true spectrum that does not follow a simple linear pattern. There are three major aspects that make a person who they are inside. These aspects are Sex, Gender and Gender Identity. Gender Identity Gender identity is basically the concept that gender is not easily divided into two classic genders as isRead MoreGender Identity1270 Words   |  6 PagesGender Identity Introduction This paper will discuss issues dealing with the roles of biological factors, (nature), and environmental influences, (nurture), on sexual differentiation and gender identity. The author, Troy Stutsman, will evaluate and give a determination as to which has the greater influence on gender identity: nature or nurture. Also discussed will be the current arguments about sexual identity and how evidence from biopsychology which may help to resolve the argument. What isRead MoreThe Effects of Hormones and Behavior on Gender Identity1598 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of hormones and behavior on gender identity PSY 340 February 14, 2010 The effects of hormones and behavior on gender identity The formation of gender identity is not completely understood as it is much more complex than just getting a sperm and egg cell to join; an XX or an XY genotype is only the first part in gender identity. There are many biological, psychological and sociological factors involved. The biological includes chromosomes, gonads, prenatal hormones, internal accessoryRead MorePersonal Response on Sexuality Identity1418 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Response on Sexuality Identity Lillian M. Floyd PSY/265 Lauren Lappe February 16.2014 A person’s sexual identity may seem like something obvious, something that should be an essential characteristic of our lives. However as we have found, these things are not always so simple, often finding that our sexual identity, is ever changing most of our lives. I have given my own identity some thought and I find for me it wasn’t easy. In this essayRead MoreSexual Assault And Its Effects On The Middle Upper Class Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction I argue that current research on sexual assault focuses disproportionately on the experiences of White, middle-upper class, heterosexual survivors. Due to this focus on White, college aged, female experiences of sexual assault, survivors who identify with minority groups such as the LGBTQ+ community, racial/ethnic minorities, and with the lower class do not have the support services needed to help them recover from sexual assault. Understanding how minority persons needs differ can helpRead MoreSex And Disability : An Open Minded Perspective From Individuals1313 Words   |  6 PagesRarely, do we find in society, the overlapping topic of sex and disability being discussed. In fact, it is hardly ever addressed because there is an underlying notion which seems to discourage such an open minded perspective from individuals. In fact, the topic of sexual intercourse itself is seemingly discouraged. However, why is that the case? Our society has been conformed to hold such restricted soci etal values; such that in a way, the desire for sex is shunned upon and confronted with negativityRead MoreGender Identity and Social Construction868 Words   |  4 PagesGender Identity and Social Construction Gender identity is a highly controversial subject. The notion that ones gender is a significant determination of personality traits, behavioral characteristics, social tendencies, romantic engagements and self-perception is a critical one. However, it is also subject to debate because of the imperatives created by the social construct of gender. This often clashes with what are, in reality, more nuanced and individualized connections to gender. This is particularlyRead MoreThe Work Of Andy Bennett1398 Words   |  6 Pagestheories of identity and how they in form our understanding of fashion. Fashion can be defined as a constant changing trend. Fashion has a deeper influence in people’s lives. Now days fashion show parts of individual’s identities, which shows who they are as people. The first idea will be discussing Bennett’s statement â€Å"Fashion provides one if the most ready means through which individual can make expressive visual statements about their identities† (2005: 96) explaining the social identity of peopleRead MoreThe Acceptance Of Transgender Service Members1652 Words   |  7 Pagesthere have been many changes that have influenced sexual tolerance. Sexual tolerance is defined as â€Å"the acceptance of multiple sexual orientations and lifestyles, generally accompanied by the appropriate legal and civil rights† (Urban Dictionary, 2009). Though there have been improvements in tolerance, there are still many different views on the recent policies, laws or social trends occurring towards sexual and gender orientation. Every aspect of society, from the Department of Defense to local schoolRead MoreThe Effects Of Traditional Masculinity On Gender Equality1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Traditional Masculinity on Gender Equality The idea of â€Å"doing gender† was introduced by West and Zimmerman in 1987. They conceptualize gender as a routine accomplishment that is created and maintained through everyday interaction. Instead of seeing masculinity as something that just happens to men or is done to men, masculinity is seen as something that men do. Specific patterns are learned through the socialization process that appropriately represents masculinity (West, Zimmerman)

The Impact of CSR on the Firms-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Undertake a literature review on a theoretical Concept/Construct of your choosing that has real world Management Implications (e.g., customer satisfaction, social media, airline industry competitiveness, return on investment, website quality etc.). Answer: Brief summary: Corporates today are facing so much of issues related to practice of activities that are socially responsible in nature. The study of El-Garaihy, Mobarak Albahussain studies about the impact of CSR on the competitive advantage of the firms. The study provides the model that suggests that there are various factors that affect the competitive advantage of the company which includes legal, ethical, economical and discretionary activities. The test has also been conducted in the study that resulted in a positive relationship between the CSR initiatives by the company and the attainment of competitive advantage. Another study that focuses on International pyramid model of CSR was conducted by Masoud. The author suggested that, there is an innovation in this model which includes glocal responsibilities of CSR. Tai Chuang throws light on the social responsibility practices that should be conducted by the multi-national companies in order to be more responsible towards the society. Survey has been conducted by the author to determine such active and passive practices. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees by Korschun, Bhattacharya Swain is the study was conducted on 500 companies. It is the study that focuses on finding the frontline employees perception about corporate social responsibility that have great impact on customer orientation and job performance of the meployeees.it is basically the study that deals with relationship of frontline employees and CSR activities along with customer orientation. Common themes: As far as all the article studied are considered, it has been analysed that every article deals with one of the aspects of Corporate Social responsibility. As per El-Garaihy, Mobarak Albahussain, the focus of their study is on the relationship between the competitive advantage of the firm and the CSR initiatives it takes. It studies a model of CSR which was again studied in the study by El-Garaihy, Mobarak Albahussain in the name of International pyramid model of CSR with an innovation. In concern with the Tai Chuang, it can be explained that CSR activities are important for the companies to practices in order to gain profitability. Surveys on the companies determined which activities can be considered as CSR activities. The study of Korschun, Bhattacharya Swain also has the similar theme of CSR activities but from the perspectives of the frontline employees and not from the perspective of the whole company. Differences in all the articles: As discussed in the above section that all the articles have some of the similarities in them but there are some of the differences that has also been found. One of the major differences that have been found in the articles is that CSR activities have different aspects and have different types of impact on the organisations. The article studied by Masoud is about the innovation of the pyramid model of CSR while the study of El-Garaihy, Mobarak Albahussain also argues about the model for CSR but in addition to it, this article also studies about the relation between the competitive advantage and CSR activities. In the study of Tai Chuang, the effect of CSR on the revenue of the company is considered while in the study of corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees by Korschun, Bhattacharya Swain analyses the effect of corporate social responsibility on the frontline employees and not the company as a whole. All the articles consider different aspects of CSR and analyse different impacts of CSR on the organisational functions. Limitations: The study of El-Garaihy, Mobarak Albahussain has the limitation that it is totally based on the secondary sources and the data collected from the survey can be varied thus it may also affect the accuracy of the results. As far as the next article is considered, the study of Masoud has a limitation that it is just based on the qualitative aspect. It has been analysed that research based on the qualitative data is not that much reliable because there is no specificity of the result. The result has no proof in the quantitative aspect. There is one more limitation of this study which is about the fact that it considers the various factors such as legal, economical, ethical etc. and believes that all the factors have similar effect in every country but this can be varied. Corporate Social Responsibility by Tai Chuang is that article that lacks in providing the importance of CSR on any other function of the company other than the revenues of the firm. This acts as the limitation of the s tudy. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees by Korschun, Bhattacharya Swain is the study that focuses on frontline employers and their relationship with the customers along with the impact on CSR on the same. The only drawback that can be observed it this article is that it only considers the frontline employees and not the other departments. Future research scope: As far as the future research scope is considered, the study of El-Garaihy, Mobarak Albahussain suggests that more realistic perspectives can be achieved if various functions like customers satisfaction, employee engagement etc. has been studied in order to study the attainment of competitive advantage of the company with the help of CSR. Masoud studies about the CSR model that can be improved by including various other factors and can be implemented on other societal issues. Corporate Social Responsibility by Tai Chuang is the study that focuses on earning revenues from CSR activities, the future research can be made on identifying such activities to be implemented. Korschun, Bhattacharya Swain conducted the study on frontline employees and their relation with the customers. The future researchers can analyse the relation of other stakeholders as well and can observe the impact on CSR on the same. References: El-Garaihy, W. H., Mobarak, A. K. M., Albahussain, S. A. (2014). Measuring the impact of corporate social responsibility practices on competitive advantage: A mediation role of reputation and customer satisfaction.International Journal of Business and Management,9(5), 109. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C. B., Swain, S. D. (2014). Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), 20-37. Masoud, N. (2017). How to win the battle of ideas in corporate social responsibility: the International Pyramid Model of CSR.International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility,2(1), 4. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), 117.

Shawn Colvin free essay sample

The Shawn Colvin concert in March at the Capitol Center in Concord, New Hampshire was packed. This was her first performance after winning two Grammies (record and song of the year for Sunny Came Home). Ana Egge, from Austin, Texas was the opening act. Shawn and Ana both had great music using only an acoustic guitar and their voices. The sound filled the whole auditorium. Shawn is a great performer and handled herself well with the crowd despite the fact that she forgot a few chords. Shawns only mistake was when she had trouble remembering a song, but it didnt take away from the performance. It showed the human side of her and demonstrated why live performances have more meaning than a CD. She also had a question- and-answer session and tried her best to answer everyones questions and also told about her experiences at the Grammies. I thought the concert was wonderful. We will write a custom essay sample on Shawn Colvin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She was really into the audience which made the concert more enjoyable. The few mistakes she made made the concert more real. The personal experiences really got the crowd involved. I would definitely see Shawn Colvin again; she was wonderful. .

Países para obtener las visas H-2A y H-2B en 2019

Paà ­ses para obtener las visas H-2A y H-2B en 2019 Las visas H-2A y H-2B permiten a trabajadores extranjeros trabajar temporalmente en EE.UU. Para sacarlas es requisito indispensable ser ciudadano de determinados paà ­ses. Esta es la lista que aplica en 2019. Paà ­ses que permiten sacar las visas H-2a y H-2b A partir del 18 de enero de 2019, segà ºn ha publicado el Registro Federal de los Estados Unidos, y por validez de un aà ±o, los ciudadanos de 84 paà ­ses pueden beneficiarse de las visas H-2A que autorizan a trabajar temporalmente en labores agrà ­colas en EE.UU. Sin embargo, solamente los nacionales de 81 paà ­ses pueden solicitar la visa H-2B, para desempeà ±ar labores temporales no agrà ­colas. En el listado que sigue a continuacià ³n se listan los paà ­ses autorizados, con especificacià ³n de los restringidos solamente a la visa H-2A. AlemaniaAndorraArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBarbadosBà ©lgicaBrasilBruneiBulgariaCanadChileColombiaCorea del SurCosta RicaCroaciaDinamarcaEcuadorEl SalvadorEslovaquiaEsloveniaEspaà ±aEstoniaFijiFinlandiaFranciaGranadaGreciaGuatemalaHolandaHondurasHungrà ­aIrlandaIsla Salomà ³nIslandiaIsraelItaliaJamaicaJapà ³nKiribatiLetoniaLichtensteinLituaniaLuxemburgoMacedoniaMadagascarMaltaMà ©xicoMoldavia (solamente visa H-2A)Mà ³nacoMongoliaMontenegroMozambiqueNauruNicaraguaNoruegaNueva ZelandaPanamPapà ºa Nueva GuineaParaguay (solamente visa H-2A)Perà ºPoloniaPortugalReino UnidoRepà ºblica ChecaRepà ºblica Dominicana (solamente visa H-2A)Rumanà ­aSamoaSan MarinoSerbiaSingaporeSt. Vincent y GranadinaSudfricaSueciaSuizaTailandiaTaiwnTimorTogoTurquà ­aTuvaluUcraniaUruguayVanuatu Entre las novedades de este aà ±o destacan, por un lado, la inclusià ³n de Paraguay para las visas H-2A y, por otro, la exclusià ³n de Repà ºblica Dominicana del listado de paà ­ses con visas H-2B. La inclusià ³n de Paraguay fue justificada por el Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) por el bajo porcentaje de paraguayos con visa que exceden el tiempo mximo autorizado de estancia en Estados Unidos y por la colaboracià ³n del gobierno paraguayo en los casos de deportaciones o expulsiones de sus nacionales. Por el contrario, se ha excluido a Repà ºblica Dominicana de las visas H-2B por el alto porcentaje –superior al 30 por ciento–de nacionales con esa visa que se quedaban en EE.UU. ms tiempo del autorizado. Las personas que por su nacionalidad estn excluidas de aplicar para estas visas pueden estar interesadas en considerar trabajar en un crucero, cuyas visas –C1/D– no excluyen a ningà ºn paà ­s. Existen agencias con buena reputacià ³n especializadas en emplear trabajadores extranjeros para cruceros y los salarios son superiores al salario mà ­nimo en EE.UU. Informacià ³n bsica sobre las visas H-2A y H-2B Las dos visas son muy parecidas y brindan la posibilidad de trabajar temporalmente en Estados Unidos, la H-2A en agricultura y la H-2B en trabajos no agrà ­colas como pueden ser, por ejemplo, hoteles, ferias ambulantes conocidas como Carnivals o resorts. Para ambas visas es requisito imprescindible que un empleador estadounidense o una agencia intermediaria que trabaja con las empresas americanas inicien la tramitacià ³n ya que deben obtener una certificacià ³n del Departamento de Trabajo y la aprobacià ³n del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a de los Estados Unidos (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Es decir, no se trata de que si una persona extranjera desea una de estas visas puede solicitarla en el consulado. En otras palabras, es imprescindible obtener antes un contrato por parte de una empresa estadounidense que es quien obtiene los permisos y quien pone en marcha la tramitacià ³n antes las autoridades. Una vez iniciado este proceso ya se indicar al trabajador extranjero cundo debe presentarse a la embajada o al consulado de los Estados Unidos correspondiente para la entrevista para la visa. Cabe destacar que las empresas estadounidenses, aunque lo quisieran, no pueden contratar a todos los trabajadores estacionales extranjeros para visas H-2B que quieran. Cada aà ±o fiscal puede concederse un mximo anual de 66,000 visas para esta categorà ­a, 33.000 son asignadas en la primera mitad del aà ±o fiscal y las restantes en la segunda. Una vez que se llena el cupo no se pueden emitir ms visas en esta categorà ­a. Las excepciones son los trabajadores contratados por estos visados para trabajar en la industria de las huevas de pescado o aquellos que desempeà ±en servicios en Guam o en las Islas Marianas (territorios de los Estados Unidos en el Pacà ­fico). Sin embargo, las visas H-2A no tienen là ­mite anual y estn entre las que en los à ºltimos aà ±os han visto incrementar ms sus nà ºmeros. Los mexicanos son el 90 por ciento del total de visas emitidas en esta categorà ­a y North Carolina Growers Association y Washington Farm Labor Association son los mayores patrocinadores. Adems, hay el problema de los fraudes tanto en la visa H-2A como en la H-2B. Algunos patrones pagan menos de lo que corresponde. Hay que destacar que los extranjeros con estas visas pagan impuestos y que tienen derecho a cobrar, al menos, el salario mà ­nimo. Otra fuente de problemas son algunas agencias, que pueden ser fraudulentas. Se recomienda verificar las opiniones y experiencias de otros trabajadores con la misma visa y en el caso de Mà ©xico checar este listado de ms de 60 reclutadores  para visas H-2A y H-2B. En algunos casos la organizacià ³n sin fin de lucro Contratados es una buena fuente para verificar si una agencia o reclutador cumple lo que promete. Puntos Clave: paà ­ses visas H-2A y H-2B Las visas H-2A permiten trabajar temporalmente en agricultura en EE.UU.Las visas H-2B permiten trabajar temporalmente en trabajos no agrà ­colas en EE.UU. Hay un là ­mite anual de 66.000 visas que pueden ser emitidas para esta categorà ­a.Nà ºmero de paà ­ses cuyos nacionales pueden obtener una H-2A: 84Nà ºmero de paà ­ses cuyos nacionales pueden obtener una H-2B:81Paà ­ses hispanohablantes que pueden optar a la H-2A: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Espaà ±a, Guatemala, Honduras, Mà ©xico, Nicaragua, Panam, Paraguay, Perà º, Repà ºblica Dominicana y Perà º.Paà ­ses hispanohablantes que pueden optar a la H-2B: los mismos que en el listado anterior excepto Paraguay y Repà ºblica Dominicana.Requisito indispensable: que una empresa estadounidense inicie el proceso de los papeles directamente o a travà ©s de una agencia o reclutador. En ningà ºn caso el trabajador puede iniciar los trmites. Este artà ­culo es sà ³lo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Predicate Complements

Predicate Complements Predicate Complements Predicate Complements By Maeve Maddox The term complement comes from the verb to complete. The predicate nominative and predicate adjective complete the meaning of a state-of-being or linking verb. The most common linking verb is to be, with its forms am, is, are, was, were, being, been. Other verbs, like seem and appear, also function in this way. The predicate nominative (abbreviated PN) completes the verb and renames the subject of the verb. The predicate adjective (abbreviated PA) completes the verb and describes the subject. The predicate complement is also called the subject complement because it restates or describes the subject. Predicate Nominative The predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that completes the meaning of a linking verb. Sometimes students confuse direct objects and predicate complements. One way to tell them apart is to reverse the sentence. If the sentence still makes sense after being reversed, the word that answers â€Å"What?† after the verb is a complement. Compare: Baxter is an excellent typist. An excellent typist is Baxter. The reversed sentence still makes sense; â€Å"an excellent typist† is a complement. Baxter typed the report. The report typed Baxter. The reversed sentence is nonsense; â€Å"the report† is a direct object. When the predicate nominative is a pronoun, traditional grammar says it should be in the nominative (subject) case. That’s logical because the complement restates the subject. English idiom and logic, however, are not always on the best of terms. Consider: Is Dr. Singh the man at the dais? Yes, that’s he. Because he is a predicate nominative in this sentence, the subject form he is correct. However, most native speakers would probably say â€Å"Yes, that’s him.† Predicate Adjective The predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes its subject: You seem sad. (predicate adjective) In certain light, the fish appears transparent. (predicate adjective) Other verbs commonly used to express a state of being are: feel make taste look smell grow remain stay turn sound become prove Note: some of these verbs can also be used as action verbs. If the verb conveys an action, the word that follows is a direct object (DO). If the word that follows the verb describes the subject, it’s a predicate adjective (PA): I feel sad. (PA) I feel the wall. (DO) He made me mad. (PA) I made cookies. (DO) That smells bad. (PA) Wake up and smell the roses. (DO) Every day you grow older. (PA) The farmer grows strawberries. (DO) The angry dictator turned blue. (PA) The ox turned the wheel. (DO) That music sounds discordant. (PA) The bugler sounded the alarm. (DO) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your StoryWriting the Century55 "House" Idioms