A Sacred Product

In our current society, material things really do matter, as these things make our lives much easier and comfortable. We need to have certain types of gadgets such as mobile phones, laptops, computers, PDAs or the likes in order to function well and communicate with the people around us. We also need to have cars in order to get to work or school. Without these things, our lives would be much harder and complicated.Technological advancements have changed the way we live and also the society living in it. In addition, with all the advertisement and marketing strategies employed by companies, most people now immensely feel the need for these material things that they could no longer ignore them. However, we may be surrounded with material things that we use as tools for our convenience, but I do believe that some of these things are not just a tool but a part of us.Everyday, I have a routine of waking up in the morning then staring at the ceiling for a couple of minutes before finally getting up. That short span of time is my moment to reflect about the things that happened the day before. I think of the specific things that happened in terms of the words and the actions that a friend, an acquaintance, or a stranger had done to other people or to me.After a few minutes of reflection, I get out of the bed and I make a cup of coffee. I then sit on a comfortable chair and gaze on the view outside the window. I then try to appreciate what I see and enjoy the moment of peace and tranquility of the small garden that we have. I observe the grass that rises from the rich soil and examine the small colorful flowers that have bloomed.While I take a sip of my favorite Starbucks Coffee, I think of the activities that I want and need to do, such as deadlines, office work, catching up with old friends, and seeing my family. I also think of the chores that need to be finished for the day. I plan and organize early in the morning, as it is the time when I can focus more as my mi nd is clear. If I am not organizing my plan for the day, I would be writing the things that I have in my mind.The scent of coffee adds to the aura of the mornings. It somehow sets the mood and awakens my sense due to its strong and tangy flavor. Home-made Starbucks Coffee has become one of my strongest weapons in the morning, as it brings life to my mind.My mornings would not be complete without a cup of coffee; it lightens my mood and takes away the sluggishness of mornings. Coffee has been a part of my daily routine that I regard it as a sacred product that I cannot do without. It is like a habit (or maybe an addiction) that I cannot give up because it livens up mood to start my day right.Starbucks Coffee houses are also a venue for many of my friends to just relax and unwind due its peaceful and calming ambience. In that quiet little spot, we talk about our concerns such as our jobs or the current situation of our country. We also talk about entertainment and music which I and my friends enjoy.But how come coffee has become one of the most popular drinks which an individual or a group of people enjoy? I believe that advertisements and media, which are one of the most influential aspects of society, have made a simple coffee into a social construct. The endless TV commercials and the seemingly ubiquitous ads are one of the many reasons that caused coffee to become a thriving industry that is well-known to different people not only in the United States but also around the world.Another good aspect of coffee shop advertisements that I believe have captured the attention of many is the theme of having a place to just stop and relax after many hours of work. Coffee shops provide the space for friends and family to just be together, talk about anything, reminisce the old times, and reflect on their past experiences together. The inviting advertisements entice everyone to try coffee, and before anyone knew it, coffee has already become a become part of his or her everyday life.In conclusion, most people have their own sacred products that they use or need to have in order to have their lives complete. Although material things are truly needed by everyone, it must be taken in mind that advertisers and media are only promoting products and it is their job to do so. Still, there are things that we really need and there are things that we do not really need. It is our discretion if we need a product and not the advertisements that entice us to buy their products. We must be wise consumers and not just believe in the advertisements of companies who just want to increase their profit.

How does Austen use contrasting characters in Pride and Prejudice? Essay

How does Austen use contrasting characters in Pride and Prejudice? (Part B question) Jane Austen uses contrasting characters in ‘Pride and Prejudice’ to highlight her characters traits, both good and bad, and comparing them to others, and by doing this she can shape the plot of the novel. One obvious contrast in the novel is that of Mr Wickham and Mr Darcy and is used to build tension in the plot and convey Jane Austen’s message of being too judgemental. When we, and the characters of the novel, are introduced to Wickham for the first time we see him in an extremely good light because of the overwhelmingly positive description of his ‘gentlemanlike appearance’, ‘perfectly correct and unassuming’ manners and everyone in the communities good opinion of him. This contrasts to when we first meet to Darcy who is instantly ‘discovered to be proud, to be above his company and above being pleased’. This is judged by Elizabeth as well as the whole community; the effect of this is that as a reader we are instantly prejudiced against him and have a very low opinion of his character from the start. However this view is challenged by Austen’s use of a casual narrator that can switch from the, more usual, point of view of Elizabeth to the view of the Bingly’s and Mr Darcy at Netherfield, which shows Darcy in a better light than we previously saw him. We go from hearing his outrageously rude manners at the ball; saying ‘there is not another woman in the room whom it would not be a punishment to [him] to stand up with’ to the narrator informing us that ‘he began to find it was rendered uncommonly intelligent by the beautiful expression of her fine eyes’. However the most drastic alteration of our view of him comes in Volume two of the novel, when we find out about Wickham’s true character and how much of a fraud he is, and the repercussions of this for the Darcy and Bennet families. Austen uses these characters and their contrasts in order to highlight one of the main themes of the novel; first impressions (which was originally going to be the name of the novel) and how wrong they can be, because after judging Darcy and Wickham at two ends of the spectrum with little information, the reader, and the characters, find out that actually, not only were we wrong, but they turn out to be exact opposites of who we expected, and the significance of this is shown to us by the drastic effect on the plot-line that the characters judgements have. Another influential character contrast that Austen creates is that of Jane and Elizabeth Bennet. This contrast is important to the novel because it highlights the other main theme and message that Austen is putting across; Pride and Prejudice. In the novel Elizabeth is a drastic contrast to her sister Jane because of the prejudice attitudes she shows throughout when she judges people, and sometimes rightly, on her first impressions, and then it too proud to change these opinions, until it is too late; in the case of Wickham and Lydia. This is shown to us from the very start of the novel although we do not immediately pick up on the dangers of this. Elizabeth first shows her pride when she says that Darcy’s pride ‘had mortified [hers]’ when he called her ‘tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt [him]’, and she holds this against him for the majority of the rest of the book. She is also very sceptical of the Bingly sisters from the very start, although she knows little about them besides her judgement that ‘their behaviour at the assembly had not been calculated to please’. This contrasts to Jane’s blind trust of everybody, which, although sometimes proves itself a bad thing, it does show that she is a far kinder person than Elizabeth, always thinking the best of people; ‘to take good of everybody’s character and make it still better, and say nothing of the bad – belongs to [Jane] alone’. Sometimes her judgement is portrayed to us as a positive aspect of Lizzy, showing she is smart; for example when she deduces Collins’ character after just reading his letter, however it goes to extremes though the novel; for example when she believes Wickham’s twisted story of Darcy because she has already judged Darcy badly for the sole reason that he insulted her when they first met. Occasions like this, when Jane ‘would not wish to be hasty in censuring anyone’ portray Austen’s message that we should not judge people on our first impressions, or hold our pride against them, and show us her clever use of contrasting characters to develop theme.

Global warming in saudi arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global warming in saudi arabia - Research Paper Example This paper will analyze the major cause of global warming in Saudi Arabia, its impacts, some mitigation measures that should be taken and the response of the country towards climate change policies. Introduction Saudi Arabia, one of the hottest and driest countries in the world, is approximately situated between East longitudes 37 and 56 and North latitudes 17 and 31. The average yearly rainfall in the Kingdom ranges from 80 mm to 140 mm apart from the southwestern mountains. Utmost summer temperatures frequently go beyond 45 degrees Celsius while virtual humidity is very low and skies are usually clear. These increases in the maximum temperatures are as a consequence of global warming (Alkolibi, 225). Depledge indicates that Saudi Arabia’s attitude on climate change is plainly established on its fears over the likely negative effects of climate change lessening policies on its economy. They fear that these measures will sharply reduce their export thereby affecting the econom y. These fears are expected, since Saudi Arabia relies heavily on the oil sector, which accounted for 77 percent of government incomes in 2002. Due to this, oil exporters are the most shown to endeavor to cut greenhouse gases, and will be likely to bear costs higher than those of the mitigating developed countries will. This is because being an oil producing country, there is a lot of combustion taking place in its industries, thus increasing the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (12). Despite being a major oil producing country, Saudi Arabia also has a banging population; 29 million people and growing at a rate of 2 percent a year. This means that the country has pressure since this population is not able to sustain its present standard of living on the declining oil revenues. In order to maintain this population, pressure is mounted on the oil resources thus emitting more carbon in the atmosphere. In turn, this accelerates global warming in the country thus making it hotte r and drier. Watchdog groups and western diplomats allege that the Saudis realize that a global accord to regulate carbon emissions is possible and they are trying to suspend it as long as possible (McEvers, 14). McEvers further states that most of the people in Saudi Arabia do not consider climate change as a big concern despite the country experiencing very high temperatures (11). Moreover, there are a number of weather-related catastrophes in the nation for instance sandstorms, long-term droughts and frequent severe floods. These are the adverse effects of global warming in the country yet the population is ignorant about it. Furthermore, projections indicate that most of the country’s cities located at the Coasts are likely to be submerged in a few decades to come (12). Low rainfall and high temperatures plus high inconsistency of both factors greatly affect agriculture in the country. This is because these conditions lessen soil moisture, damage the soil by mechanical we athering and augment evapotranspiration. These conditions have a damaging effect on water accessibility and agriculture and depict Saudi Arabia a very poor country in terms of agricultural production and water resources (Alkolibi, 225). A quantitative estimation by the British Hadley Center GCM experiment forecasted that climatic change in consequence of global warming is anticipated to lead to reduction in agricultural food production in dry regions situated in the lower latitudes. This

Housekeeping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Housekeeping - Essay Example Understaffing of housekeeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 d. Staff Turnover due to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 i. Competitor high pays†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 ii. Low wages †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦8 iii. Hectic work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 iv. No Growth Opportunities for housekeeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 v. Personal problems of employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 e. Loosing trained staff†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 f. Managing Budget†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 5. Outsourcing in Housekeeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 a) Cost Cutting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....11 b) Outsourcing is flexible†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦11 c) Staff Substitution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 6. ... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.15 c) Preventing Fires†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 d) Cuts and Wounds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 8. Security Issues in Housekeeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 a) Protection and theft issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 b) Bomb Threat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....18 9. Environmental Policy in Housekeeping Departmentâ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..18 a. Proper Waste Disposal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 b. Customer Preference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 c. Amenities Dispensers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 10. Conclusions and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦20 11. Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..22 a. Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.22 b. Appendix B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.23 12. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦.24 Executive Summary Housekeeping research study was conducted by interviewing the executive house keeper at Hilton London Bridge Hotel. The study was conducted to reveal if the theoretical perspectives of housekeeping are in accordance with the practical ones. The executive housekeeper was interviewed with questions prepared in advance, through research. The interview revealed information related to the challenges faced b y executive housekeepers such as; budgeting,

Rooms Devision Operations Management Assignment

Rooms Devision Operations Management - Assignment Example As such, legislation typically deals with safeguarding the privacy of all guests residing in the property, the security of individual guests and their property while they are in their respective rooms, and the protection of the personal information. Hospitality facilities have the legal and ethical responsibility to ensure the protection of the personal information that is provided to them by their guests. This information can include, but is certainly not limited to, the names of each guests, their personal, and financial information. This data is typically provided to the hotel at the time of registration, and again at check-in. When each guests checks out from the property, the obligation of the property to properly dispose of all such information is legally stipulated as well. There is also the expectation that the front of area staff should not divulge information about any current, future, or past guest unless they have specific permission and authorization to do so (McMillan, 2013). In terms of each individual room within the property, the staff in the accommodations division are charged with the responsibility of ensuring the safety and security of the personal property of each guests, and they should take all reasonable and customary measure to see after the personal safety of their guests as well. There is also the legal expectation that guest rooms be maintained according to the standards of cleanliness as dictated by the location in which the hotel property is located. 1.2 Roles and Responsibilities of Accommodation and Reception Staff The accommodations staff is largely responsible for maintaining each guest room and ensuring that is up to the expected of standards of the property each every night. Such staff people are also to make themselves available on as needed basis in order to facilitate the demands of guests as they happen. This includes make available any items that might have been neglected during the cleaning and room preparation process . The staff in the accommodations division must also set the standard of quality and cleanliness for the hotel, as they are the individuals responsible to ensure that each room is properly cleaned and prepared each evening. This is done in accordance with the level of quality that the respective property is designed to maintain. The staff at the reception of a hotel are also invaluable to this end as well, as they are the individuals that take care of the guests before and their arrival, and upon check out as well. It should be pointed out the the reception staff are usually the first contact people that the guests have at a hotel. They are also the individuals at the hotel that a guest often goes to first when they have a complaint about certain aspects of the room division operations, so the staff should be adequately trained in conflict resolution. Members of the receptions staff should be trained in how to accommodate the demands of their guests, within reason, and to make that they do everything in their power to make sure that their stay is memorable, from check-in through check-out. It should finally be noted that members of the reception staff are also responsible for the normal tasks of checking in customers, helping them to pay their bills, and making sure that all of their concerns have been properly addressed throughout their stay. Since they are the most visible component and human face of the hotel, they need to strive to always be pleasant and accommodating in all of their dealings with each guest

Social Media on the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Media on the Internet - Essay Example One of the most notable features of social media is that it has grown exponentially across the world within a very short duration compared to other business and communication tools in human history. To illustrate this phenomenon, Lee (2010) points out that while it took 13 years for television to attract over 50 million viewers and 38 years for radio to attract about 50 million listeners, it took 4 years only for internet to attract 50 million participants. He further points out that it took social media platform, Facebook, one and a half years to attract the same number of participants. There has been raging debate on whether the availability and use of social media on the internet is useful to businesses in regard to providing them with new and different useful information. This paper will discuss how the availability and use of social media on the internet really provide businesses with new and different useful information. Historically, technology has been injected and adopted in to the society as well as the business world and it has often required that there be a radical shift in business and cultural processes and practices (Lincoln, 2009). Social media is one such kind of technology in the business world. Unlike other types of technologies, social media technology greatly reflects the social behavior of people. Social media is also unique in the sense that it allows anybody to produce media content and deliver it by interactive communication. Qualman (2010) notes that the available statistics show that social media has established itself as the media of choice around the world over the last 4 years, with over a quarter of the world population using one type of social media or another. The growth of social media has been so tremendous such that social media platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter have grown rapidly and have gradually relegated other forms of advertising such as print advertisements, and threatened them with extinction (Nair, 2011 ). The popularity of the use of social media on the internet can be attributed to four reasons. To start with, users can get the latest information on virtually anything they want. Secondly, it satisfies the desires of the users of expressing themselves. Users are also able to see how individuals and groups that they are interested in are doing therefore getting more satisfaction. Finally, it helps people to escape from their day-to-day routine by providing alternative ways of using time (Lee, 2010). The fact that social media has experienced exponential growth over the years cannot be disputed. However, there has been debate on whether the availability and use of social media on the internet really provides businesses with new and different useful information. The response to this question has been two-fold: on one side, there are those who believe that it does provide businesses with new and different useful information, while on the other side there are those who believe that it does not (Nair, 2011). While the later side has its reasons for taking that position, there is a greater consensus among those engaged in this debate that, indeed, the availability and use of social media on the internet provides businesses with new and different useful information (Hinchcliffe et al., 2012). So, how does the use of social

Impact and Research Findings Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact and Research Findings - Assignment Example Automated processes would also eliminate or reduce product defects, which would save the company money and improve the production process. Automation would ensure that all processes are conducted effortlessly and that they would run the same way each time they are conducted. No human errors would be allowed. As a result, there would be fewer errors made and errors may not just be defects, but can be about erring that can affect the production process as a whole (Benhabib, 2003). Automation would eliminate or reduce monotony. As humans, it is normal to get bored, especially where repetitive tasks are involved. Monotony slows down performance and increases the chances of defects occurring. There is no monotony in automated processes, no matter the frequency, so productivity is not affected. Processes are conducted at the same speed each time. Automation would help the company comply with internal or external requirements, e.g. statutory requirements, and facilitate cost savings by redu cing the training of required staff. Without automation a lot of time would have been required to train staff to perform even the most repetitive of duties, especially if the duties required a high degree of precision/accuracy. With automation, however, far less training would be required, so overheads would be significantly reduced. Automation would make auditing the company a simple task in itself, so less time would be required to analyze and evaluate processes and the production process as a whole. Due to their high degree of flexibility, automated processes would make the company flexible as well. It would be easier to make changes, or at least much easier than it would be to revise tasks that involve only humans. This level of flexibility would be vital if changes are needed at short notice. The fact that defects would be reduced would mean that customer satisfaction is ensured to a high degree. Therefore, while

Mars Reconnaissance orbiter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mars Reconnaissance orbiter - Essay Example In this particular essay, the mission, roles along with the responsibilities of MRO would be discussed in order to determine the effectiveness of the activities performed by MRO. Moreover, the instruments through which MRO has been assisted in order to seek evidences regarding the persistence of water on Mars surface for several years would also be discussed in the essay. In addition, the discoveries and related snapshots would also be depicted in the essay. While determining the mission, roles along with responsibilities and the scope of MRO, it can be apparently observed that the aspect of MRO comprises certain effective scientific instruments for the purpose of analyzing the stratigraphy, landforms, ice and minerals present in Mars. In this similar concern, the instruments can be observed as radars, cameras, sensors and spectrometers among others. Specially mentioning, the above discussed instruments assist future spacecraft in terms of scrutinizing the prevailing surface as well as weather conditions in Mars. Moreover, the instruments aid in studying effectively the prospective landing sites and most importantly hosting an innovative telecommunications system. Notably, MRO is regarded as a mission, which has been designed by NASA in order to analyze the atmosphere, weather and geology prevailing in Mars. The studies conducted by MRO reveal the identification of the deposits of minerals that had formed specifically in water in Mars o ver longer period of time and the evidences of shorelines of prehistoric lakes and seas. Moreover, the studies of MRO indicated the amount of deposits in layers that took place due to flow of water in Mars. After acquiring a brief idea about the studies conducted by MRO and its focus upon seeking evidences concerning the prevalence of water in Mars, it can be affirmed that it might attract the viewers or the individuals towards acquiring a brief idea about the above

Lessons of the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lessons of the Cold War - Essay Example Notably, the leaders from both sides changed after a year of the war, but the war continued. Cold war led three main political blocks globally: the pro-America policies, the pro-Soviet Union policies, and the nations that never supported either side. In fighting the war, the first president of the United States into the war, President Harry Truman used a doctrine that was referred to the Truman Doctrine (Carafano, Cox, and Rosenzweig 64). In his doctrine, Truman supported communism effectively. This made him take control over Greece and Turkey. Additionally, the United States used the Marshall plan that strengthened the government and economies of the countries within Western Europe. The main reason why the nuclear war occurred despite the presence of nuclear weapons in Cuba was that the Soviet United agreed to remove them after the United States had detected their presence. Additionally, both sides agreed to end or ban their nuclear weapon tests above the ground, in space, and under water (Carafano, Cox, and Rosenzweig 231). There was further ban of deployment and testing of the long distance missiles. Despite the series of agreements, the United States was seen as the winner of the war since during the war it formed ally with numerous, powerful nations and supported numerous other nation that strengthened it support. Moreover, it international or foreign policies seemed to have worked well for it. Though it seems too difficult to achieve, the United States should aim at seeking allies with some Muslim world.  

Marketing Project Essay Example for Free

Marketing Project Essay Q: Conduct a household or market survey and report on the buying motive of consumers as regards price and quality, consumers being classified by age, sex and income given certain selected products. * Choose any five consumer durable products/services of high demand. (i.e., products with life span greater than 3 years.) FORMAT: * Main page (Name, Class, Year, Marketing Project) * Title (question) * Table of Contents * Explain buying motive and its types. * Introduction and information about each of the products chosen (only consumer durable objects; types are – medium expensive and very expensive). * Target group of customers for each product in brief. (Age; sex; income group etc.) * Must: Mention gender and age if product is bought a certain gender or age group only, along with reasoning for the same. * Form questionnaires with (10-15 questions) and do a survey with 10 customers. Make sure that the questions can be answered in sentences or provide statements with options. DO NOT use Yes/No questions. * Eg: What is the primary reason for which you buy this product? What other benefits do you derive from the product? Is the product convenient to use? Is the product safe? Is the product worth the value paid for realization? * Following the questionnaires, make a report for each and every product separately explaining the buying motive and reasons they buy it for. (1 page per product.) * Draw conclusions from the results of your questionnaires, graphs, reports, etc. * Depict graph (depending on any 5 criteria you have mentioned in your questionnaire in a bar diagram) for the number of consumers surveyed. * Add pictures and symbols throughout your presentation to add colour and life. * The project can be made using either MS PowerPoint or MS Word. Format of a Questionnaire: QUESTIONNAIRE TITLE ( Eg: Survey conducted to estimate buying motive of a product) (This survey is conducted by students of OOEHS for a marketing project. Kindly fill in the required details) Name: Location: (Start with your own questions.)

Taylors Scientific management Theory

Taylors Scientific management Theory CRITICALLY ASSESS THE WAYS IN WHICH F.W.TAYLORS SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY HAS INFLUENCED HOW CONTEMPORARY ORGANISAYIONS ARE MANAGED. Introduction (250 words) (Write after written the main body) Brief explanation of scientific management Briefly say how this links to contemporary management * Father of scientific management (Pollard, 1982, page 3) * Scientific management was developed as Taylor realised workers never worked anywhere near the speed possible due to the lack of knowledge and control from the managers; this was known as systematic soldiering. (Pollard, 1982, page 4) * Although Taylor had many followers that also influenced scientific management this essay will just focus on Taylor and his contributions as these were the most significant. Section 1 Explanation of scientific management and Taylor and his principles. (short section) (300 words) During the nineteenth century production started to change, these changes meant that new management techniques were needed. Taylor began as an apprentice in manufacturing and quickly became a consultant where he conducted time and motion studies to find the most efficient way of completing a task; this became known as the one best way. Tasks were standardised and divided up in to small repetitive tasks workers were then assigned to a task that they were most suited to. These methods are known as division of labour and job specialisation. Taylor had five main principles that scientific management is based around. Roberts (2009) summarised these as: 1. A clear division of task and responsibilities 2. Use scientific methods to determine the one best way of doing a job 3. Scientific selection of best person for the newly designed job. 4. Ensure workers are trained to perform the job the one best way 5. Strict surveillance of workers using a hierarchy of authority and close supervision. Taylor saw people as lazy and motivated by money and consequently used piece rates to increase productivity. This view caused almost all responsibility of the workers to be removed. Taylors principles increased productivity, cut costs and increased wages. They allowed unskilled workers to be employed. Taylor gave managers their control back and this was a very important part of scientific management. Linking sentence many of these principles are still used, some have been modified and others have been turned on their head. So in one way or another all parts of scientific management have influenced contemporary management. Section 2 Advantages of scientific management and what this has led to in contemporary management. (400 words) When the advantages of scientific management are analysed it can be seen that many of these methods are used today in one way or another. This is because the same basic contradictions and pressures face managers at the start of the twenty-first century as they did at the beginning of the twentieth. (Stoney, 2001, page ) Increasing efficiency and productivity links to the aim of profit maximization today (Peaucelle, 2000). Piece rates are still used today but usually alongside some other form of remuneration. This is because piece rates alone lead to poor quality and more waste as workers work too quickly. It can be seen that piece rates solved the problem of soldiering but in the twenty-first century have caused the opposite problem. The principles of standardization and having clearly defined rules are a common theme within many contemporary organisations. Clear rules are a necessity today especially where delegation and decentralisation exist. This shows how this principle has developed. Taylor had a more autocratic style of management where workers were just told what to do through these clear rules; now in many organisations a democratic style is used to empower and motivate employees and so clear rules are necessary for a different reason for employees to see what individual responsibilities they hold. Division of labour and job specialisation have formed the basis of other concepts, for example Ritzers Mcdonaldization. Mcondaldization is the process by which the principles of the fast-food industry are coming to dominate more and more sectors. (Ritzer, 2004, page 1). The four main principles are efficiency, calculability, predictability and control; these align with Taylors principles. In the fast food industry it is necessary to have clear rules and standardization as tasks are dependent on each other and without these principles the fast service predicted by consumers would not be received. This proves that scientific management is still very much alive today. Within contemporary management there are many types of control, scientific management focused on what is now known as efficiency control. Taylor sought control over every aspect of an employees job, right from its manner of execution to the final outcomes desired. (Parker, L, D. Lewis, N, R, 1995, p 218). This total control was due to Taylors view of employees which is similar to McGregors theory X style of management where workers are passive, self centred and dislike responsibility (Roberts and Corbett, 2009, page 249). From this it can be seen that Taylors ideas on control are still relevant today as theory X views are still used in some contemporary organisations such as McDonalds and other fast-food restaurants. Linking sentence into disadvantages and back to the question. Section 3: (Disadvantages of scientific management and what this has led to in contemporary management. (400 words) Scientific management received a lot of criticism especially from trade unions in the United Kingdom. Despite these criticisms being bad for scientific management and Taylor himself they have helped other concepts of management to develop and avoid the problems that these principles created for scientific management. One of the major problems with scientific management was that many managers were selective in the principles that they employed. Scientific management became a tool for driving workers harder rather than a means of rewarding them for efficiency gains (Witzel, 2005, page 91). Management in organisations today realise the importance of motivation. Many theorist of motivation, for example Stacey Adams and the equity theory (Roberts and Corbett ,2009), have recognised that employees are motivated be perceiving remuneration as fair. It is quite common for organisations that have the aim of increasing productivity will set targets that entail a bonus for the employees if it is reached. Scientific management removed the control from the employees and so innovation was scarce; one of the reasons for this was the fact that managers perceived conflict as a bad thing. This view is consistent with the unitarist perspective where there are common goals and no conflict (Roberts and Corbett, 2009). However even in industries where scientific management is implemented heavily, such as Toyota, use concepts such as continuous improvement (where employees views are discussed and considered). This shows a more pluralist view where conflict is seen as inevitable which leads to more employee involvement. This shift in management style was due to the high labour turnover and absenteeism that could have been due to dissatisfied employees. Scientific management is dehumanizing, employees become cogs in a machine (Roberts 2009, slide 10) which is demotivating. Taylor fell for a too mechanistic, too inhumane image of human nature (Tsukamoto, 2008, p.349). To overcome this contemporary organisations use concepts such as job rotation to ensure that employees dont get bored, also social factors are taken into consideration as Mayo found in some of the Hawthorne studies that these factors play an important part in motivation which in turn increases efficiency. However it can be argued that by training the employees to become first class men (Wren, 1994, page 220) motivation was considered and so this principle could just have been extended rather than modified. Section 4: how scientific management is used within industries today. (400 words) The main industries today that make use of scientific management principles are fast food restaurants and call centres. Call centre work is a modern form of Taylorism. (Dieter et al,2003, p.311). Call centres employee unskilled workers who have a low level of control; due to the standardisation and monotonous tasks that have to be completed they have high labour turnover and absenteeism. From this it can be seen that it may well be necessary to use Taylors principles despite the disadvantages that they bring. Mangers of call centres will be well aware of the other concepts of management that exist but they may have decided that scientific management is well suited to the aims of the organisation. As mentioned earlier the Mcdonaldization of society explains the influence of the fast food industry on other sectors in the global market. It could be perceived that this is the industry that implements scientific management the most; however some modifications to Taylors main principles have been made. For example there is more flexibility now due to the fast moving pace of the global economy, without this change this industry may not have been able to keep up with the changes that are necessary to staying competitive. With the slight modification of the main principles the influence of scientific management can be seen in many firms that form part of our everyday lives. For example retailers such as Ikea and Starbucks use these principles to a greater or lesser extent. As well as this universities and health care also implement these principles to help to improve their efficiency. Section 5: Conclusion (250 words) Although ideas such as standardisation and job specialisation are used less the newer objectives such as diversification and flexibility are only possible through increasing efficiency which is one of Taylors main aims. (Peaucelle 2000) The management style that is implemented within an organisation depends a lot on the managers styles of leadership which to some degree is influence by the industry. Scientific management was a product of its environment in the sense that it grew out of the pressing needs of industry for efficiency. (Wren, 1994, p.221). This need was due to an increase in machinery which required different management techniques. Today technology is developing very quickly and so Taylors principles are relevant now as they enable managers to cope with the fast pace of these changes effectively and efficiently. Scientific management was a significant force, however, and it continued to evolve as individuals and ideas come forth in an ever-changing cultural environment. (Wren, 1994, p.217). It will continue to influence future concepts of management through its advantages and disadvantages that cause modifications to be made and new styles to evolve. Taylors Scientific Management Theory Taylors Scientific Management Theory Introduction The purpose of this essay is to identify the principles and various criticisms of Taylors scientific management and to discuss whether Frederick Taylors principles and ideas can be used successfully in todays contemporary organizations. Fredrick Winslow Taylor (1856 1915), was a leading pioneer in the studies of management, and was often known as the father of scientific management. Taylor (1915) revolutionized management in the twentieth century by focusing on mass production of inexpensive products, resulting in economy stability and a standardization of major industrial processes. The publication of his book titled ‘Principles of Scientific Management was influential in its contribution to management studies around the world (Bedelan and Wren, 2001). Principles of Scientific Management Taylor (1911) reported that managers, in his time, relied on the personal initiative of workers for achieving productivity, although high levels of productivity were rarely attained. In contending that workers performed at levels beneath their true capacities, he came up with four principles of scientific management to be followed by managers: The First Principle focused on how the workers would perform their daily tasks. To find out the most efficient method of performing specific tasks, Taylor studied them in great detail and considered the ways different workers went about performing their everyday jobs. Once Taylor understood the existing way of performing a task, he then experimented to increase specialization (Taylor 1911). The reason for the success of this principle is that it made jobs simple for workers and reduce unnecessary movements. Taylor also wanted to find ways to improve each workers ability to perform a particular task. The Second Principle was to arrange the new techniques of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures. Once the best method of performance task was determined, it would be communicated to all workers. The Third Principle required the selection of workers who possessed skills and abilities to match the needs of the tasks, and to train them to perform the task against established procedures. To increase specialization, Taylor believed workers had to understand the task that were required and be trained to perform them at the required level. Workers who could not be trained to do this level were to be transferred to a job where they were able to reach the minimum required level of proficiency. The Fourth Principle was to set a fair level of performance for a task, and then develop a pay system that provides a reward for performance above the acceptable level. To encourage workers to perform at a high level of efficiency, and to provide them with an incentive to reveal the most efficient techniques for performing a task, Taylor advocated that workers should be paid a bonus and receive some percentage of the performance gains achieved through the more efficient work process. According to Taylor, as cited in Butler (1991), greater results achieved through scientific management were attained, not through a marked superiority in the mechanism of one type of management over the mechanism of another, but rather by the substitution of one philosophy for another philosophy in industrial management. It is instructive to review Taylors philosophy of scientific management with its emphasis upon the human element, not generally associated with Taylor. This philosophy is perhaps more important and appropriate for today than individual principles of scientific management. Human resource developments should be a matter of national concerns at all levels. As technology changes, so do skill sets and other worker requirements (Butler, 1991). Criticisms of Scientific Management Over the years there have been some key criticisms against Taylors Scientific Management. One of these critics has charged Taylors system as having viewed man as a machine -a cog in a wheel- and programmed every important motion a workman had to execute to complete an assigned task (Halpern, Osofsky, Peskin, 1989). Those critics believed that that would leave workers with no discretion at all and it is tedious for all, but the most apathetic workers. Another critic added that scientific management mandates an extremely high division of labor which requires minimum skills. This left workers with no incentive to grow and develop on the job. Also, Taylors systems were criticized for not examining the sentiments of workers nor were they briefed on the purpose for Taylors time study methods. Taylors system also failed to identify the social and psychological needs of the worker, and the complaints of unsatisfactory working conditions and humiliating treatment (Halpern, Osofsky, Peskin, 1989). Employees in contemporary organizations were more highly educated and would have a better knowledge of their job scope therefore they are more actively involved in decision making. Taylors principles seem to assume that the employees of the past era would only perform simple work tasks and do not need much knowledge to complete their work. Another criticism about Taylors system was that its reward structure was bound by how an individual performed. However, it stands to reason that modifying the original reward structure to extend to a team or workgroup, the result would be applicable to todays organization (Halpern, Osofsky, Peskin, 1989). Can scientific management be used successfully in contemporary organizations? In todays organizations, many companies still use Frederick Taylors basic theories of scientific management in organizing and designing their jobs despite the fact that many managers and production engineers may not necessarily subscribe to the hypothesis behind Taylors theory (Pruijt, 2000). Many big companies have taken up Taylors ideas and applied them very effectively, even transforming the process. (Peaucelle, 2000). An example of a reputable company using Taylorism is General Motors (GM). GM has publicly acknowledged the importance of employee performance and team performance (Butler, 1991). In one of its programmes, GM ranked employees against each other, essentially grading the employees individual performance. Based on the performance, bosses had to enforce pay differences between the tiers. On top of that, GM also set up a recognition award fund to be doled out in lump sums to high performers, regardless of the competitiveness of their salaries. This encouraged better cooperation among co-workers, enabling better efficiency within the company. This is a successful implementation of Taylors Fourth Principle which rewards the individual for their specific task performance, There are a number of points that make the theories of scientific management attractive to todays managers. One of the core attractions is the promise that the best possible method, the one best way will be used. However, Taylors strong belief that â€Å"a one best way† to work might be a matter of idealistic debate. When we compare todays organizations, another core attraction of Taylorism is: it promises to be a means against what Taylor called systematic soldiering. This concern is as relevant to todays managing organization as ever. Pruijt (2000) supported that statement by analyzing the productivity gap in a European and a Japanese organization; at Daimler in Germany, the current strategy was based more on responsible autonomy, whilst in Japanese plants, standard worksheets are used to specify the order of operations and the time allowed for them. Therefore, with respect to Taylorism, when granted autonomy, workers in mass production do not put in a maximum effort. It would seem then that for certain organizations, the Second and Third Principles are effective. Despite the advantages of Taylorism in todays organization, there are still some drawbacks. Pruijt (2000) mentioned that one of the drawbacks identified is that Taylorism is expensive because it entails creating jobs for non-value adding supervisors and other indirect workers. On top of that, Pruijt (2000) also noted that Taylorism is not favorable to flexibility, although it boosts numerical flexibility by making it easier to quickly put together new workers in a production process, and it allows workers to be laid off without losing knowledge from the organization. In todays corporate management, Post-Taylorism, as stated by Peaucelle (2000) is adopted but it does not abandon Taylorisms objectives, rather, there is the addition of new objectives which includes productivity (efficiency), flexibility, deadlines (timeliness) and quality variety (diversity). Although these new objectives are sometimes pursued through entirely new activities when executed, the Taylorisms traditional methods may also sometimes be employed. However, Peaucelle (2000) argues that new objectives are unachievable without adversely affecting efficiency in a modern company using Taylorism. Peaucelle (2000) further explained that increasing supply would be the only way to shorten delivery periods, which is costly due to limited product range and the whole operation becomes more unaffordable as the product range is diversified. In addition, diversity would also appear to be very expensive as it diminishes the size of the manufactured series. Furthermore, quality would be achievable only if inspection points are increased, and with the help of qualified, and thus more expensive workforce, hence adding more cost to production. Lastly, flexibility would also emerge as ambiguous with regards to heavy and rigid investments in heavy industrial equipment purchased at lower prices. For instance, in Japan, since it was necessary to have a high school certificate in order to work on the automobile production line, the high level of education corresponded to added competence, and was certainly paid for. As discussed by Peaucelle (2000), this is consistent with the analysis of efficiency-wage reactivity. Therefore, in comparing to the traditional Taylorism, workers are paid above the minimum wage whereas the post-Taylorism company pays its workers a higher wage for increased competence since it is a way of attaining its objectives. Conclusion The findings suggest that Frederick Taylors theory still exists in todays organizations. His principles of management can still be used successfully in todays organizations, with adjustments to cater for the modern workplace and its demands.

Our Guys Essay -- essays research papers

The novel Our Guys, written by Bernard Lefkowitz, is a very dynamic story about the heinous actions of a dozen middle-class athletes, from a small New York suburb, against a defenseless mentally handicapped girl. Lefkowitz describes a brutal gang rape involving a baseball bat and broomhandle, which took place in this unsuspecting town, by these upstanding young group of boys, as the town would describe them. Lefkowitz looks at the incident which took place and then examines the â€Å"jock clique† sub-culture that allowed such atrocities to happen, and spawned the scandal to cover it up. The town of Glenridge is at the surface not any different than any other surburban American town. Like most towns it has its â€Å"cliques† and the â€Å"jocks† are at the pinnacle of the town. Idolized by the students and a sourse of pride for the entire town, however the Glenridge boys were not like most high school athletes. The â€Å"Jock clique† formed at a very early age,and invaded their surroundings taking over where ever they went, whether it be school, games or around town, protected by the â€Å"boys will be boys† attitude held by the rest of the town. The boys started showing signs of beligerance as early as elementary school, with a common ignorance for authority. The group was later easily passed through middle school to relieve the teachers of another year enduring the â€Å"problem† class. Once in high scholl the boys became the leaders of the school, andpride of the town. In Glenridge sports were valued higher than academics, turning these young men into heros, and everyone else into nobodies. There was not anything anyone could do to derail this movement, nor did they try to. Glenridges attitude towards women was very outdated. Women were regarded as mothers and wives, their jobs weere to make the men of the town happy. They were treated as objects and rarely held positions of authority-there were not any women mentors, therefore everyone lokked up to their fathers and saw that men were the supreme beings. Most of the boys did not even have any female influences other than their mothers; infact only two of the boys involved had sisters, Bryan Grober and Phil Grant. Thes boys were raised in dressing rooms by males and taught to respect the institute and brotherhood of a team. That if they respected their sacred bond they could do anything. Nothing was more important than the team or eac... ... athletes to do as they please. However he does not do a good job of being non-partisan. He leads his readers to believe the only group of people who would do such things are â€Å"jocks†. This bias is not true. The newspapers report that University fraternities, and secret societies are as likely, if not more likely, to commit these very same acts. He also leads the reader to believe that all athletes and athletic teams are similar. The impression he leaves about the majority of teams and their members is prejudicial and unfair. It is very unfortunate and disheartening that members of a community that were so highly reguarded, would commit such acts. It is even more disturbing to hear about the scenario leading up to the rape, and the community which produced these troubled young men. It is more important to look at why the events took place rather than who committed them, because ultimately the only innocent person involved is the victim, a mentally handicapped young gir l, named Lesli Faber. This book shows that the community is to blame when tragedies like these occur, and that if it happened in Glen ridge, what is to stop it from happening in our own back yard by â€Å"our guys†?

Globalisation :: Economics Capitalism Economy Essays

Globalisation Introduction To begin with, tell them that they will need to look at the essay questions today Later we will be doing a trial reflective exercise Let’s look at Globalisation My story When my colleagues and I were faced with redundancy we were placed in a unique position. Or perhaps it wasn’t quite so unique, just unspoken; ‘experts’ are not renowned for publicly applying their own theories to themselves. After years working as labour researchers or workplace change consultants we found ourselves in the position of having the stories we told other workers and their managements about why change was happening being reflected back to us by our managers and the people employed to facilitate our departures. We shifted from being purveyors of the discourses and narratives about why change was necessary to sitting in judgement of whether these very discourses and narratives applied to us, made sense to us, or were believable. Armed with more information than the average potentially redundant worker, we gathered around photocopiers, water coolers, staff room dining tables, coffee shop booths, each others desks - and discussed, argued, complained, questioned. As labour researchers we turned on labour theories, as change consultants we turned on theories of workplace change, and asked ourselves and each other, â€Å"Is what I’ve been saying for the last ten years really the case in my case? Now that I’m down there amongst it all instead of looking at it from the safety of an analyst’s lofty heights, does the story look and sound the same?† The Globalisation Story The stories we told the workers went generally like this: Globalisation led to economic and industry restructuring which leads to organisational change which means jobs change which means you have to do things differently to how you did them before and if you do not change, you won’t be able to give your customers what they want and you and your company and your country are gone† (hereafter called The Globalisation Story). Simple. Logical. Inexorable. Until we started telling it to ourselves and to each other. Then, with remarkable alacrity, we shifted from a reliance on causal explanation to an emphasis on interpretive understanding. Putting yourself inside the picture With many of us ‘experts’ in different stories - some were macroeconomists who understood globalisation theory, some of us were labour or industry economists who understood the theories of work and industry change, some were organisation researchers who knew about change management - we started to pick holes in other people’s stories and they picked holes in ours, many with the preface, â€Å"Your story doesn’t work for me because .

Reforms Are Need In Canadas Government :: essays research papers

Reforms Are Need In Canada's Government Canada is a country who's future is in question. Serious political issues have recently overshadowed economic concerns. Constitutional debate over unity and Quebec's future in the country is in the heart of every Canadian today. Continuing conflicts concerning Aboriginal self-determination and treatment are reaching the boiling point. How can Canada expect to pull herself out of this seemingly bottomless pit? Are Canadians looking at the right people to lay their blame? In the 1992 Referendum, "The Charlottetown Accord" addressed all of these issues, giving Canadians the opportunity to finally let the dead horse be - but oh, if it were that simple. A red faced Brian Mulroney pontificated that a vote against the accord would be one against Canada. Canadians would essentially be expressing the desire for Quebec to remain excluded from the constitution. How could the Right-Honorable Mulroney expect anyone to vote on a document that contained so much more than simply the issue of Quebec sovereignty? Ironically, hidden deep within "The Charlottetown Accord," was the opportunity for Canadians to make a difference; to change the way the government ran, giving less power to the politicians and more to the people. This was the issue of Senate Reform. Why is Senate Reform such an important issue? An argument could be made that a political body, which has survived over one hundred years in Canada, must obviously work, or it would have already been reformed. This is simply not true, and this becomes apparent when analyzing the current Canadian Senate. In its inception, the Senate was designed to play an important role in the Government of Canada, representing various regions of the federation. Quebec, Ontario, the maritimes and the west were allotted twenty-four Senators each. Considered to be the heart of the federal system, the Senate was to be a crucial balancing mechanism between Upper and Lower Canada (Mallory pg. 247). It was important for there to be equal representation, and not representation by population. Senators were to be appointed, in order to ensure that the House was independent and had the freedom to act on its own. As well, Senators had to be seen as a conservative restraint on the young, the impressionable, and the impulsive in the House of Commons (Van Loon and Whittington pg. 625). They therefore had to be over thirty years old and own property exceeding four thousand dollars in the province they represented. This idea was called 'second sober thought.' As this independent, intellectual body, the Senate's main function wasto ensure that all power did not come from one source.

Hunger Games Theme

What would we do if we were chosen at random to fight for our life? Would we just let it happen? Would we fight back and try our best to keep out dignity? Or would we do whatever it takes just to stay alive, even if it means losing site of who we really are? These are all decisions that Peeta and Katniss, two kids from a city called Panem had to make all by themselves. The novel The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins has many themes, but the most important overall, is the importance of keeping dignity and humanity while fighting for our life. In the Hunger Games, a sixteen year old girl named Katniss and a sixteen year old boy named Peeta are chosen to go into the Hunger Games, where they will fight for their lives. During past years, competitors in the Hunger Games would do a number of unspeakable things in order to survive. Peeta however is the complete opposite. He wants to die with dignity. First off, in the novel The Hunger Games, by Suzanne Collins, many things go wrong in Panem, the society that the main characters Katniss and Peeta live in. For example, their society is filled with many things such as war, starvation, poverty, and violence. Peeta and Katnis have been taught since they were little that no matter what you are doing you have to keep your dignity while doing it. Even if it is fighting to the death. The way that both Peeta and Katniss have grown up comes in really handy during the Hunger Games. It makes it extremely easier for them to keep their dignity during the games. However, many competitors will do anything in order to survive, wouldn’t you? Peeta however, is very different; he believes that if he is going to die, he should at least go with his dignity. This means that while everyone else loses their minds, he will still think straight and won’t do anything outrageous in order to survive. For example, a girl from district 9 said â€Å"here’s some advice, just stay alive† (127). This quote shows that she believes the only thing that matters is staying alive. She will risk anything to live, even her humanity and dignity. Peeta however, would basically rather die with his dignity than live knowing he completely lost his dignity and humanity during the Hunger Games. To Peeta, his dignity is just as important as his own life. The competitors in the Hunger Games family and friends are also loosing spite of their humanity and dignity even though it may not seem like it to them. The family members show their loss of dignity when all of them just sit back and watch as their loved ones battle for their lives. It is just one big game to them. Celebrations are thrown if their loved one kills another person’s loved one. They don’t even comfort the other family at all. Everyone just parties while one family is having one of the worst possible days of their lives. Watching as somebody’s child is being killed isn’t right. Imagine if our society was like this. We wouldn’t just sit back and watch as our family and friends die before our eyes, would we? The novel The Hunger Games is similar to the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding in a few ways. The most important however is the characters loss of humanity and dignity, which occurs in both novels. In Lord of the Flies, the large groups of boys that are stranded on the island lose sight of what is really important to them. They get caught up in trying to stay alive and doing whatever it takes to stay alive. Jack, from Lord of the Flies, ran around chanting â€Å"Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood† (69). This quote shows us that the boys are starting to lose their dignity. This is exactly what happens in Suzanne Collins, Hunger Games. All of the competitors chosen to compete in the annual Hunger Games get caught up in killing people to stay alive that they forget who they really are inside. Ralph, the boy from the novel Lord of the Flies is very similar to Peeta, the boy from the novel Hunger Games in many ways. For example, both Ralph and Peeta are one of the only people to keep their humanity and dignity while they are stranded on an island or in this case fighting to the death in a huge arena. All of the boys in the novel Lord of the Flies lose their dignity and humanity except for Ralph and piggy who stay sane. This is very similar to the Hunger Games. Everyone in districts one through eleven go crazy and forget who they are except for two people. Only Peeta and katniss who are from District 12 keep their dignity while struggling to stay alive. Peeta says â€Å"at least let me die with my dignity† (167). This quote shows us that Peeta won’t lose his humanity and dignity no matter what. In conclusion, the novel The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins shows us how society could end up if we lose sight of our dignity. She shows us that just because something bad could happen doesn’t mean that we have to forget what really matters to us, or even forget who we truly are behind all of the violent, or just plain old fake acts that we would have to put on just to live through the Hunger Games. She shows us through the eyes of Peeta that even when something gets tough, we just have to work through it and keep our head held high.

Cause of Conflict Essay

* The Cause of Conflict is Because of Irresponsible Management. It was discovered that the predecessor of hosur health care had appointed five Supervisors to lead the center’s work force. He had little credibility with the employees. They had each been selected on the basis of seniority or their friendship with the previous manager. * The Communication Between the Management and the Employees was not Good. It was seen all the employees wer either demoralized or had tough, belligerent attitude towards the management. The employees were not afraid to settle their differences with their fist or verbal abuse. The predecessor had unintentionally encouraged this disruptive activity by largely depending upon the supervisor, to handle such problem and not being available to other employees. This led to the communication gap between the management and the employees. * No proper policies wer formed to for smooth operations at work. Which even led to cultural differences. Hosur health care was dominated by south Indians where budha was the only employ who is a north Indian. Which led to lot of differences between budha and other employees. There was a policy where the employees can listen to the radio when they are at work. But there was no policy which stated what kind of songs they can listen to. Anybody who come first at work place can play his favourite radio station for the rest of the day which was one of the reason for the conflict to start * There was no Human-Resource Department at Hosur Health Care. All the previous recruitment wer done by the manager himself. There was no human-resource department at hosur health care. This led to poor recruitment and no background check wer done, thus seven convicted felons wer recruited who wer fearless. * Managing Conflict (AVODING) The previous manager use to avoid all his responsibilities. Whenever the workers need him, he was never there. He was solely dependent upon the supervisors he had appointed. The maximum he would do is hollered at the workers and leave without even trying to settle the problem and resolve the issue. (All this points wer the major reason behind the conflict. Which forced the employees to develop a feeling of hatred towards each other and towards the management).

Areas of knowledge

Adolescence, faced as a teenager, is a period of mental instability, wandering, and especially high interests on the opposite sex. Some argue that teenage dating is merely an activity which will negatively affect academic effort and achievements, thus it is not beneficial. However, teenage dating is not something that can be discouraged. In other words, teenage dating has to be perceived as a natural step within the adolescence period; although we cannot force teenage dating, it should definitely not be discouraged.Numerous Korean parents oppose teenage dating, in concern of its possible assistance upon academic achievement. They simply believe it will somehow negatively affect academic scores, rather than acknowledging it as a natural process within adolescence, and growing as a social being. However there are no significant proof of the correlation between dating and academic scores; and growing Into a social being is more than accomplishing academic demands, entering a famous univ ersity, or getting employed by a major company.It requires socializing with others, especially with the opposite sex; teenage dating can help this progress. By spending great amounts of time of deep communication while dating, teenagers will e able to learn how to Interact and respect the opposite sex as well; and this ability to communicate and respect the opposite sex Is extremely Important In growing Into a social being. Thus teenage dating Is clearly not something to be discouraged or negatively viewed.Let us consider that teenage dating Is actually harmful to teenagers; then will discouraging stop this phenomenon? No. Teenage dating derived from Increased Interest towards the opposite sex during adolescence Is an extremely natural process that should be respected as a method of relieving stress. For example, In the case of Genealogy Academy of Foreign Languages(GAFF), dating Is prohibited, and penalty points and other severe punishments are given when caught.However, dating Is not only a natural phenomenon, but Is also a method of relieving stress from having to live In a restricted school area for 5 days a week. Not only this applies to students of GAFF, this applies to every teenager In the period of adolescence, because dating allows teenagers to satisfy their desire to Interact with the opposite sex; this stress- relieving activity should not be discouraged, but rather respected as a natural hometown. Teenage dating should not be discouraged unless there Is a significant harm towards teenagers, such as underage smoking or drugs.It should be accepted as a natural process of growing mature, and a phenomenon derived from Increased Interests In the opposite sex during the adolescence period; especially as an essential requirement of social growth for young adults. Areas of knowledge By homeruns Ms. Lee proof of the correlation between dating and academic scores; and growing into a be able to learn how to interact and respect the opposite sex as well; and this ability o communicate and respect the opposite sex is extremely important in growing into a social being.Thus teenage dating is clearly not something to be discouraged or Let us consider that teenage dating is actually harmful to teenagers; then will discouraging stop this phenomenon? No. Teenage dating derived from increased interest towards the opposite sex during adolescence is an extremely natural process that should be respected as a method of relieving stress. For example, in the case of Gonging Academy of Foreign Languages(GAFF), dating is prohibited, and penalty points and other severe punishments are given when caught.However, dating is not only a natural phenomenon, but is also a method of relieving stress from having to live in a restricted school area for 5 days a week. Not only this applies to students of GAFF, this applies to every teenager in the period of adolescence, because dating allows teenagers to satisfy their desire to interact with the opposite sex; this stress- Teenage dating should not be discouraged unless there is a significant harm natural process of growing mature, and a phenomenon derived from increased interests in the opposite sex during the adolescence period; especially as an

Moderator Essay

Learners are the main clients to every educator and therefore it is important that they are always motivated. In the olden days, educators were of the view that learners should somehow be inherently motivated, not aware of the role that they have to play in the motivation of the learners. There are certain factors that an educator needs to take into account in order to ensure that learners are motivated and the most important of it all is creating an environment which is conducive for learning. Motivation What is motivation? Motivation is the driving force that causes the flux from desire to will in life, it is the literal desire to do things. Learners do have the role to achieve set learning outcomes at school, however, as a n educator, I have the role of ensuring that they are motivated enough to achieve those set outcomes. Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation influences learners to choose a task, get energized about it and persuit until they accomplish it successfully regardless of whether it brings about immediate reward. This type of motivation is seen when learners actively seek out and participate in activities without having to be rewarded by materials or activities outside the learning task. Extrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation is when learners are motivated by an outcome that is external or functionally unrelated to the activity in which they are engaged.  As an educator, I have to act the part by showing just how motivated I am to my learners even by the way I present my lessons or the type of teaching method that I use. Motivated learners are the type of learners who initiate actions, expend effort and persist in that effort. Ways to motivate learners Feedback Feedback motivates learners and encourages them. The feedback should be directed at the student actions and not their character. Feedback also helps learners to believe in themselves and their abilities, even appreciating things such as improved handwriting in a learner. Though feedback encourages learners, I must continue to show that I value effort more than ability. Grouping learners based on ability As an educator I should refrain from grouping that exclusively promotes ability. Grouping learners based on ability sometimes make learners think that an educator values ability exclusive of effort and this may cause learners to become demotivated. They will in turn see no value of the hard work they do. Alucia Mabunda student no 42740495 EDLHODM ASS 1 DUE 12/03/14 Promote co operation over competition Promoting co operation over competition is done by using co operative learning which is assigning learners of varying abilities , ethnicity, gender mix to small groups that pursue common goals together. On this level, I ensure that every member is given a role to play, either as a recorder, researcher, or a summarizer in order to foster the group’s goal. Teaching realistic goal setting Learners should believe that their efforts to learn and mastering new skills will not be in vain. This depends on how realistic their set goals are. Unreached goals may cause learners to doubt their ability and to approach learning tasks with lessened commitment to learning. Communication Communication is the transmission of an idea by someone referred to as the sender and the understanding thereof by another (receiver). Communication is perfect only when both the sender or receiver have the same understanding or interpretation of message. The communication process During this process, a purpose expressed as a message to be sent out is needed. This is the case when as an educator; I convey a message or give a lesson to students. The sent message passes between a source (sender) and a destination (receiver). The message is then encoded (converted to a symbolic form) and is passed by a way of some medium (channel) to the receiver who then translates (decodes) the message initiated by the sender. Effective communication Effective communication helps us better understand a learner’s or situations and it also enables us to resolve differences, build trust and respect and create learning environments where creative ideas, problem solving, affection and caring can flourish. These skills can better connect an educator with learners. An educator needs to understand that communication should be spontaneous rather than formulaic. When presenting a lesson as an educator, it should not appear or be presented as a speech that is read as it will have no impact. Effective listening Effective listening is the most important communication aspect. When an educator listens to learners, they can ; ï‚ · Feel heard and understood which can build a stronger and a deeper connection with educator ï‚ · Create an environment where every learner feels safe to express their ideas, opinions and feelings. ï‚ · Save time as learners will know that as a lecture I understand them ï‚ · Relieve negative emotion. The learners will be at ease knowing that they have been heard. In order to reach all objectives, an educator must focus on the learners when they speak, avoid interrupting them or being judgmental and lastly show interest when the learners are speaking. Alucia Mabunda student no 42740495 EDLHODM ASS 1 DUE 12/03/14 Nonverbal communication The way you look as an educator, move, react or listen to your learners tells them more about how you feel without saying so many words. As an educator I can also use facial expressions, postures and gestures in order to ensure that my message to learners goes across quite well. As an educator I can enhance nonverbal communication by using open body language, arms uncrossed, standing with an open stance and maintaining eye contact with the learners. An educator can use nonverbal signals that match up with their words, adjust nonverbal signals according to context. Interpersonal relations between learners and the educator Teaching is about relationships between the educator and the learner. An educator should be consistent in their behavior, be open and approachable to ensure a healthy relationship. Using humour, friendly greetings and non verbal supportive behavior may help improve such relations. A plan that emphasizes the prevention of misbehavior in human relations should be implemented. Teachers should work together with learners from a position of social equality. Authority is very important in the classroom though an educator should not plan rules without consulting the learners. Authority is essential but an educator should establish a less authoritarian working relationship with learners without losing control in the classroom. The best ways to promote good relations The teacher learner relationship in the classroom should be based on mutual respect and trust. This is achieved by educators being in close relationships with learners when making decisions that affect the class. Teachers and learners should work as a team to achieve predetermined goals and objectives of the lesson. When there’s a teamwork environment relationship between educator and learner, there is less hindrance and learners work harmoniously with others. This according to Deiro (2005, 10) is an example of influential relationship. Influential relationships are formed to create a challenge in one or both parties in the relationship. The teacher constantly modifies learner’s behaviours. The maintenance of discipline In order to have an environment that is conducive to learning, there should be a plan that enforces rules and regulations that are followed whereby learners are aware of what are expected behaviours from learners. Discipline is the practice of care and respect for others and the individual learner. It safeguards the rights of people who are exposed to uncooperative, aggressive or blocking responses by others. Discipline should not be constued as solely a clamp down of unruly, mischivious and disruptive  behavior but as a means of entering into a loving, caring and guiding relationship with learners. Discipline should be corrective and nurturing according to South African Schools Act , 84 of 1996 Section 11(2). Educators should not impose any form of punishment which is harmful to learners self esteem. ,physical punishment as well as emotional castigation should not be used. As an educator I can promote the development of self discipline. I can model true discipline ship for learners to emulate. My learners Alucia Mabunda student no 42740495 EDLHODM ASS 1 DUE 12/03/14 should be made to feel emotionally comfortable and physically safe so that the learners can develop self discipline which is referred to as intrinsic discipline and accountability in their actions. Educators have to create an environment which each learner is guided towards an attitude of caring and respect for other learners. As an educator I must work collaborately with the learners, this means recognizing learners as partners in education though by not allowing them to take control of the learning situation. My classroom discipline policy A classroom discipline policy is a system that allows an educator to express the behavior expected from learners as well as what they can expect from me as an educator. Why is it important to have a classroom policy ? A classroom needs a set of procedures to manage the array of activity that students create. As an educator, from time to time my expect actions and the learners action will conflict. It is important to review such expectations during the first days of school especially those that relate to discipline. A classroom code of conduct should be the first subject and learning outcome in a lesson plan. It will remain as the point of reference for both the educator and learner throughout the year. Steps to developing a classroom discipline policy. Establish expectations The expectations should be written down and shared in the classroom. It should include acceptable and unacceptable behaviours. Learners should also take part in discussing the listed behaviours. The list should be kept minimal to ensure effectiveness. Establish incentives or consequences Consequences should be positive, frequent and varied. Negative consequences should be logical and progressive. Furthermore I may add a system of how the learners can dig themselves out of a hole and lastly make it clear that certain behaviours will require special and immediate action which may even be suspension or sanction. Establish a method for giving students a constant stream of affirming and corrective feedback As an educator is should be able to show appreciation when learners are doing well and behaving as expected. Every positive behavior is an opportunity for feedback. Corrective feedback should be quick, clear and focused on the future. Conclusion Motivation is something that educators needs to instill in learner’s minds. When learners are motivated especially by their educator they feel confident that they will reach the set goals and objectives. A classroom is a place where learners spend atleast up to 7 hours in on a daily basis hence it should in all aspects feel like home though without learners forgetting the main reason for being there which is to learn. Learners prefer to an have an approachable educator with whom they can relate with. By maintaining a good learner educator relationship, they will without force be able to behave in the manner that they are expected to behave. This will save both the learner and the educator from conflict and time Alucia Mabunda student no 42740495 EDLHODM ASS 1 DUE 12/03/14 wastage. Communication is vital as all lessons resemble a message, being decoded either to the learner or educator. It’s important that both parties communicate effectively to create a sustainable positive atmosphere. Bibliography www.helpguide.org/effective communication EDLHODM Unisa Study guide SWGC school booklet Wws.edb.utexas.edu Alucia Mabunda student no 42740495 EDLHODM ASS 1 DUE 12/03/14 Question 2 2.1 Delictual liability – The scenario is that a player from Team Rebone has injured himself during a warm up session in an open field at JD Secondary School. The two parties which is the coach and the school are partly responsible for the incident. Conduct This refers to whether there was a conduct (something that was done or not done). On the case of the injured learner, the school made an omission whereby the school should have informed all the teams that they should only do their warm up on the designated soccer field areas and nowhere else. According to the scenario, we don’t see any coach of any of the present teams also trying to find out what arrangements should be made to accommodate the 6 teams present. Both the Coach for Team Rebone and the school are liable for the damage as they did not secure or check the area where the learners are rehearsing. Wrongfulness This refers to a conduct that is legal wrongful and not just something that is morally wrong. There is no proof of violation on any learners’ legal right . Although the school did not issue out any instruction not to use any other areas for training. The school never intended for anyone to get hurt. Fault The act that occurred or the accident should be the result of fault either intentionally or negligently. The coach and the school were however negligent since they failed to take steps that a reasonable person would have taken to guard against the possibility of harm or accident. The school did not foresee the harm. Causation This refers to the casual connection between the conduct of the school and the coach and the damage suffered. The injury did result from the actions of the school and the coach. They caused the damage due to their negligence. Damage/harm This refers to legal recognized damage and a learner has been injured so it is a serious damage. The negligent act on both parties are connected to the injury as had they informed the learners to use a safe place for practice, no one could have hit a rock. There is a real injury as we have learnt that the learner is bleeding. 2.2 Contributory fault. This is a doctrine of common law that if a person was injured in part due to their own negligence, the injured part will not be entitled to collect any damages from the other party who supposedly caused the accident. The learner in this case did not contribute to the accident in any way as all learners have someone who is their coach in whom they put their trust in. They also are required to take instructions from their appointed coach who is the one who initiated that the learners warm up in the back yard field therefore the learners obliged and unfortunately things did not go well. The responsible party here is the Coach of the team who omitted to check the safety of the field as an adult before the warm up session begun.

Societal Impact of Nonprofit Organizations Essay

Societal Impact of Nonprofit Organizations - Essay Example This is essential because these people have been sidelined for very long due to their color and backgrounds. Philanthropists are persons who the heart and the will to help the less fortunate in the society. Most of the known philanthropists are known to have a lot of money hence opting to the carry out activities in the society aimed at developing the community. My favorite philanthropist is Ben Carson because of his inspirational teachings and stake in community based projects that he funds in many countries of the world. Nonprofit organizations play vital roles in the societies since they fight for the rights of the minority and the oppressed in the society. In most cases, they focus on provision of basic services to the less fortunate people in the society. These include the poor and the sick in the community. These organizations ensure that these people get proper medical services and food commodities. The level of U.S. exports to Mexico is influenced by factors such as exchange rates and capital flow within the two countries. It is also the affected by comparative advantage of products and prices of U. S. goods relative to other players in the market. Finally, government legislations play key roles in this trade, as well. The level of U.S. imports from Mexico is influenced by factors such as exchange rates and capital flow within the two countries. It is also affected by comparative advantage of products and prices of Mexican goods relative to other players in the market.

The School Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The School Nurse - Essay Example However, in today's world the school nurse position is not given the resources necessary to accomplish this goal and the role has become so unmanageable and the task so encompassing it may be placing education and students at risk. The number of students taking Ritalin has doubled since 1990 and now exceeds 3 million students (Goldberg, 1). The over worked nurses must medicate these students to insure the proper dose to the correct student. The pervasiveness of lunchtime medication has become so involved and lines of children outside nurses' offices so prevalent, that in Boston, schools are now facing a challenging dilemma; Who should have responsibility for the medicating According to Carey Goldberg, reporter for the New York Times, "...school officials have proposed that individual nurses be given permission to delegate the distribution of their ''meds'' to handpicked, supervised staff members". Many nurses who advocate the addition of higher paid nurses as a solution rather than reducing their roles have discredited the plan as unsafe. However, school officials see it as a reasonable cost cutting measure in this New World of psychoactive drugs. Untrained personnel handing out sensitive and dangerous drugs a re certainly placing the students at an increased risk. School nurses are called upon to walk obese students, insert catheters, and administer diabetic insulin. These are disciplines that call on the highest order of medical training. Food poisoning, infectious diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, and injuries from student violence complicate these situations. The nurse is required to perform the duties of a general practitioner while having the training of a nurse and the attendant pay scale. Still, school systems balk at the possibility of adding more nurses to the staff due to cost considerations. While the National Association of School Nurses recommends that a school system have one nurse per 750 students, the national average is one nurse per 1350 students (Vail). Attending to the students medical needs should be a priority to assure that the system is promoting adequate and fair education, but staffing at a 50% level can not guarantee success of the health of the student body. Obesity is running rampant through the school corridors and nutrition and healthy food have come into the spotlight. Once again, the school nurse is called on to make recommendations and plans to provide a healthy diet and reduce the problem of overweight children. Nutrition is a special discipline and often runs counter to the school's agenda of providing vending machines and a junk food cafeteria. There is more profit in a McDonald's station than there is in a healthy dietary offering. The American Medical Association advocates a proactive approach based on food types and amounts that are to be offered through school lunches ("Expert Committee Recommendations", 8). Dedicated school nurses can not be expected to protect the health of children in the existing political and economical climate of many school boards. They are not trained as nutritionists and do nor serve the political function of being socially

Strategies of Hearing Aids Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategies of Hearing Aids Market - Essay Example An increase in the price of commodity results in the decrease of the quantity demanded the same commodity and vice versa (Keat and Young, 2009, p. 47). Therefore, if the firms reduce the prices of hearing aids, there can be increased demand for it and as  result firms can achieve higher sales and higher profits. Demand and revenue are closely related. When demand is elastic, the total revenue will be increased due to a decrease in the price of the product. When the percentage of quantity demanded is more than the changes in price, the total revenue will be increasing. While analyzing the price factor and demand for the hearing aids, it can be understood that reducing the prices can be a reasonable measure to expand the demand and market for hearing aids. But same time, the price is often regarded to be an attribute that consumers value a product and its quality. The case of hearing aid markets show that high price has become the main factor behind less demand for it and therefore firms can increase potential demand for the product if they can offer hearing aids for reduced prices. The hearing aid companies can have pricing strategies. Companies can increase the total revenue by decreasing the prices of hearing aids if the demand is Elastic or by increasing the prices if the demand is inelastic. The hearing aids demand is inelastic because there are very few substitutes and it is considered to be an essential device for hearing for those who suffer from hearing loss (Amlani, 2007). So, the hearing aids firms can possibly increase the prices in order to increase the revenue, but it may have to reduce the prices and increase the quality of the products in order to gain a better position among the competitors especially if there is perfect competition in the market. Based on market and situational analysis like Porter’s five force analysis, a marketing manager will be able to analyze various factors like buyer and supplier powers, competition rivalry, potential entry and other threats, and based these the managers will be able to implement either cost-leadership approach or differentiation approach (Keat and Young, 2009, p. 376).  

Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review - Essay Example According to the Basel system, IB’s profited from the low capital weight conferred to them. This acted as a reflection of relation safety therefore making it economical for banks to offer credit as counterparties to IB’s. The role of regulatory oversight for investment banks aided maintain the cost of capital low while at the same time allowing more control. Forth coming strategies need to guarantee that equity and credit principles are not mixed up , and that the capital rules that apply to these risky businesses are targeted efficiently to them and the cost of leverage is sufficiently high to ensure their size and risk taking activities are appropriately contained (Blundell-Wignall, Atkinson & Lee 2008, p 5-6). At the conference, some maintained that this arrangement might still not evade main systemic hitches in the future. This was because banks in the monitoring boundary would continue enjoying counter party relations with IB’s and other high-risk firms outs ide the fence thus dragging them back to where they were before. The considerable risk opportunities that should be taken are not particular and so is the independence of the cost of capital. If banks are to enter into counter party relationship with the high risk firms it should be done with very clear guidelines in some cases up to full cover in order to protect the banks’ creditworthiness. ... As a result, fewer transactions would be up to the internal rate of return requirements, and control and general risk will be proportionately smaller and so would the size and way of the monetary sector on the economy. However, it was observed that now it is too late to turn the hand of time and as such, the existing strategy in the crisis necessarily should pool the weaker and stronger institutions (Blundell-Wignall, Atkinson & Lee 2008, p 10-11). Another tactic is to work with non- operating holding company structures (NOHC’s). It will split a financial company into its integral parts in which there exists distinct panels and stout firewalls among the subordinate parts. Capital laws can be designed to the riskiness of the actions of the companies, and in an occurrence of a crisis, any subsidiary making losses can easily be handled by administrators while not jeopardizing the whole corporation. To liquidate or sell a challenging IB securities trader can be done with much more ease. For instance, the IB can be a subordinate of the non-operating holding company structure (NOHC) other than an entity at the top most of the structure. In addition, the NOHC configuration is also much more transparent and in its case, it is less taxing to reduce intra-group contacts. It also offers clear and adaptable arrangement for scarcely defined, deposit-taking banking that is superior to having the bank at the top of the group or having the bank as the group itself as in the case of the universal banking in Europe. In other words, NOHC’s would be much more stress-free to regulate. The key general point to note is that high-risk financial undertakings need to pay the accurate market charges of capital without biases caused by the rule and bank structure interface. For example,