Current Issues Between the Native Americans

The four groups that I have chosen for identifying their linguistic, political, social, economic, religious, and familial conventions and statues of Hispanics groups living in the United States are Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and South Americans. To start with they all speak Spanish yet they do have different dialects depending on where they are located. I have had experience with the Cubans personally and the Mexican American personally everything else I have learned from our research. The Mexican American population is the largest minority group in America. There are many Mexican Americans that do not speak Spanish at all and only speak English, but these are the ones that were usually born in the United States. There are also some that are bilingual and then there are some that do not know English until they start school. The Mexican Americans are also active in the civil rights movements, from workers rights to voting rights. Their social status is poor due to lack of education and they are strongly tied to their families. Families are very large and extended family is just as important as immediate family members. Most are Catholics and their religion is very important to them, but there are some that are protestant. Mexican Americans tend to take low paying jobs and this means that they work in mining, agriculture, transportation and ranching. Puerto Rico’s Linguistic background is strongly defined by Spanish and English. Most Puerto Ricans speak both languages fluently and use it in everyday life for work and play. Puerto Rico’s political division is the Popular Democratic Party (PPD), which supports the commonwealth rank for the island; has been the leading political party since 1940. Their has been a large decline in the popularity of the PPD over the years but it is still remains the island’s main political party. Their families are very close just like all of the other Hispanic groups. Family life and the amount of time they spend with their family is very important to the Puerto Rican society as well as other Hispanic groups. They usually live close to family members and attend church together, which is a very important part of their culture. They are generally Roman Catholics and their culture has a heavy influence on African and Spanish beliefs and traditions. When it comes to Cubans who are generally located in Florida or that region and they migrated here to be freed from Fidel Castro. Like the other Hispanic groups the Cubans have very large families and are very close to all members including extended family members. Cuban Americans are generally affiliated with politically with Jewish Americans and are known for their powerful conservative ethics.

Ethnic Drinking Subcultures

Ethnic DrinkiETHNIC DRINKING SUBCULTURES by Andrew M. Greeley, WilliamC. McCready and Gary Theisen Chapter One (Page 1-14) Says : Cultures have been able to integrate drinking into a religious and symbolic context. Irish tend to have a serious drinking problem with drinking; Jews and Italians do not. There are two psychological explanations to be found for alcoholism-cultural and psychological. In a culture in which the demands for male supportiveness are high and there is low support for assertiveness in the male role, the author argues that drinking increases in men at least.The author also discuss the influence of drinking socialization on drinking patterns. Does : It provides the background knowledge required to understand the contents of the book. It introduces the proposition through specialized, concrete and qualitative premises. Chapter Three (Page 36-52) Says : Different cultures are evaluated on the he characteristics of power and support. The Irish and Italians are high on power and support, while the Swedes and Jews are low.Italians and Jews are high on support than are Irish and Swedes. On this basis, it can expected that the groups would rank themselves in terms of alcohol consumption in the following order : irish, Swedes, Italians, Jews. Thus, there is a striking difference in the drinking environment of each drinking group. Does : It provides reasons in support of the proposition. It provides concrete and qualitative examples. It also provides several descriptive examples and qualitative evidence.Chapter Six (Page 83-89) Says : The chapter examines whether the different ethnic groups may have different ‘addiction' subcultures. The Irish may drink more because they have an ‘oral dependency' subculture. While various groups do not differ enormously in their adolescent years in their levels of drug consumption, young people from the different groups seem to find their way into peer-group environments where the propensity to abuse alcoh ol and drugs is high.Does : It provides several specialized and concrete research findings. It introduces several implications of the proposition. Chapter Eight (Page 95-101) Says : There are different drinking subcultures among ethnic groups studied, which influence the drinking behavior and ones propensity to have drinking problems. These cultures are remarkably durable, persisting across generations. Does : It provides a conclusion for the book, and highlights the most important facts related to drinking and ethnicity.

Lies †Ethan Canin Essay

1. Summary Jack is the narrator in this short story. He’s an eighteen-year-old teenager, who has a complicated relationship with his parents. His mother is trying to push him in the right direction concerning his future. On the other hand it’s clear that his father does not want Jack to live at home anymore. He said: â€Å"Yours pay your dime, you takes your choice†, which from what Jack interpreted means; get out. Though, Jack does not care that much about moving out anyway, because he’s going to get married to Katy. He met her at the movie theatre, Able’s, where he worked after his graduation. When he went out with her, she admitted that she loved him, but he did not feel the same way yet. He realizes that he’s getting more mature, and decides to leave his job to go to Fountain Lake with Katy. He’s finally feeling the same way about her. 2. Characterization The main character, which is also the narrator, is called Jack. He’s the character, who is describing every little detail through his eyes and mind. He’s an eighteen year old â€Å"grown up†, which I would prefer to call him, because he thinks of himself as mature individual. He’s different from teenagers at his own age. That reason is that he is in a â€Å"serious† relationship with a girl called Katy. When I’m writing â€Å"serious†, I mean he is still young and he’s getting married to his beautiful future wife, Katy. He’s going to experience a life on his own, therefore it could be a kind of relief for him to move out, and on the other hand he doesn’t even care about â€Å"the moving† out situation. I think that it’s partly his father’s fault. They don’t seem to get along together. Though, he might think that his father’s honesty is better than lying to him. His life is somehow finally making sense. But it doesn’t seem like he had the freedom to do, what he really wanted to do, before he met her. He’s finally out of high school. I interpreted that his mother had pushed him really far to get to this point in his life. She has been telling him, he can be anything he wants to be, if he makes and an effort. After his own opinion he’s old enough to figure out that, that is not the case. That makes him question his mother’s sincerity. After graduation he got a job as a projectionist and a ticket seller at Able’s, which is the movie theatre. That’s where he met Katy. One day in the booth, Katy told Jack that she loved him, but he actually didn’t feel the same way about her, yet. I think that the relationship between them is going too fast. He doesn’t seem to be following her every step of the way. They are both really young, it might be difficult for them to comprehend, what’s going to happen further on in life, because they’re getting married to soon. Another explanation could be that only one other woman than Katy has loved him, which is his mother. We actually don’t hear much about the father. I’m guessing that the father isn’t there for Jack, when he needs him, supportively. That indicates that Jack has had lack of love from his father. He describes the wedding more like a justice of peace. In my sense, I understand it as a little gathering of people, just to document that there has been a ceremony celebrating the lovebirds. Then they can eventually move on to live their life on their own in peace and happiness. 3. Comment on the title and ending I think the title is very interesting. We do hear about Jack’s mother lying to him, and that his father is ironically an honest man, and that Jack sometimes may lie, but not if it’s a serious subject, he’s talking about. Especially when Katy says that she loves him. The title does suit the short story, but I would rather have named the title something that has to do with relationships instead. The ending just seems bleak at first. He doesn’t have his mother’s guidance anymore, and he somehow fears the outside world. But then when he’s in the car, he bursts out that he loves Katy. They’re still on the road and he seems to be more confident. He sounds more happy and peaceful than ever before. 4. Themes The theme of the story could be about, as I have written before, relationships, because of the bond between his parents, friends and girlfriend. All of the relationships have developed in three different ways. He’s moving on to another and more mature state in his life, where he’s choosing to take a new direction. He does not feel like talking to his friends and is already in a complicated relationship with his parents. The only one he actually enjoys being around with is Katy.

Essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

2 - Essay Example He shows a burning urge to learn in the beginning. He spends long hours studying. His goal changes when he creates a monster. He failed to realize the implications of having a monster. He invited evil to his door step. The theme of family is illustrated in this theme under Victor’s ambition. Victor thinks parents do not understand. The tragedy would have not occurred if his dad had given reasons not to read Agrippa. Mary Shelley explains in her novel that having a supportive family is a great solution to the problems of the society. However, the nice family in this novel ends up in the middle of the woods exiled in a cottage. Not so good for a family. Victor’s ambition resulted into the death of his mother. However, Victor is exonerated morally from the tragedy responsibility since such happening was not in his control. Walton’s desire to have a friend reflects the urge the monster feels for a mate. In this novel, gender is not an issue: it is about intimacy and closeness, not sex. Frankenstein gives a gratifying â€Å"depiction of family affection.† However, this is not usual in a novel complete with tragedy, murder, and despair. These tragedy, despair, and murder take place due to the absence of connection to either society or family. Isolation is the true evil in this novel. Victor’s ambition resulted into loneliness. When Victor becomes lost in his researches, he isolates himself from the society. He loses responsibility and implication of his actions due to this isolation. Victor’s monster becomes vengeful because of isolation, and not because it is evil. Monster gets filled with overwhelming anger and hate. The monster wants Victor to be lonely the way it is. This results in violence, hatred, and revenge. Through Walton and Victor, Mary Shelley in her novel exhibits human beings as very ambitious, though flawed. The two characters shared a dream to transform the society and bring glory to their families

Thchnology as a route to immortality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thchnology as a route to immortality - Essay Example Consequently, replication of human thought process brought about immortality of the mind transparently and comprehensibly, since reasoning could not just be replicated but also manipulated (148). Besides thinking without the body, technological advancements promote immortality through promotion of bodies that are impermeable to damage and aging given technology’s ability to health current diseases like cancer; mind uploading that permits existence in virtual reality, alternate bodies or robots, and deep space; and correcting global warming. Based on Cartesian arguments, technological advancements of as thinking machine aimed at relieving human’s immortal mind from its mortal captivity thus lending it a permanent existence both on earth and in heaven (148). Consequently, technology or machine represented secondary individuals with additional perfectionism that will be enhanced through improvements in transhumanism and nanotechnology. The search to imitate the human mind through inventions concluded that machines are thinking, imitate better than human interrogators implying that machines could also learn (151) and function autonomous of human intelligence to make decisions within military context where rational intelligence of artificial intelligence displaces human insanity and limitations (154). Minsky, a pioneer in Artificial Intelligence insinuated that the human interior could be depersonalized and independently replaced by thinking machines (156). Minsky also prophesied the symbiosis of man and machines where AI would accelerate human cognitive process hence promoting high performance machines (157) like voice actuated computers through advancements like ARPANET (158). Like the previous technology enthusiasts, human fascinations with computers incline to spirituality unlike utilitarianism with the brain freeing from the body making it immortal within the cyberspace (160).

Strategic Plan,Conceptualizing a Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Plan,Conceptualizing a Business - Essay Example It has the ability for catering of services for both females and males in the area. To ensure that clients get quality services and products; to enhance their mental relaxation and improve on their physical appearance. Being a reputable salon; that offers quality products and services at fair prices (Hormozi et al., 2002). Disney has been a leading hair stylist in the city has worked with major beauty â€Å"spas† that deals with top models and wealthy clienteles. Through the three years of experience in upscale salons Disney has been able to create a reputable name in the beauty stylish industry with a strong base of clienteles. Working with her fellow beauticians; Disney is most destined to build this business enterprise a successful undertaking. Forming from this reputation already earned this company tends to attract more clients and continue the growth of the company. Our business company is located in one of Greensted busy streets which is easily accessible to any person, thus our clienteles won’t find difficulty locating us. The environment is conducive with enough space that ensures the clients receive professional services and recreation. Our business provides quite a variety of products and services all under one roof, and we are flexible in the working hours to suit our customers’ needs. The high reputation of our staff and the owner of being able to offer quality services to suit each customer needs will earn us more new clients and strengthen the relationship with our current clients (Karlsson & Honig, 2009). The company will provide services that cater needs of the whole family setting; that are convenient to children, women and men. These diverse services are: 1) Hair services: shampoo, weaving and waving, colors, haircuts, conditioners, relaxers, curling, perms and reconstructing; 2) Skin care services: facials, massage, and body waxing. 3) Nails Services: polish, manicures,

A report for organization expansion into global sector Assignment

A report for organization expansion into global sector - Assignment Example The third section deals with overall strategies that any global firms should take when initializing internationalization processes. The fourth section deals with specific entrant strategies that Clippy should take. The fifth and final section deals with the overall recommendations and conclusions on how Clippy should internationalize. Introduction Clippy bags is a London operation that seems like its time has come. Specializing in customizable bags that may be designed with the individuals’ favorite photographs or print, the bags may become the next big thing. That said, Clippy must roll out a careful globalization plan if it is to capitalize fully on its idea. If it attempts to globalize too soon, in the wrong markets, or with the wrong plan, then it may not be successful in all markets, which might lead to the demise of the company. Further, if it does not partner with domestic firms in the targeted countries, at least at first, then it may succumb to any number of pitfalls that would cause it to fail in that market. These pitfalls range from regulatory hurdles to cultural barriers that are subtle and must be mastered by individuals who are native to that country. The following report recommends the proper strategy for Clippy to use to internationalize. First, it must research countries with the proper analysis of the political, economical, social and technological factors (PEST), along with doing an analysis of the rivals in each country and the relative strength of buyers verses suppliers in each country, using Porter’s Five Forces. From there, it should roll out a gradual strategy of internationalizing, beginning with imports/exports to these countries combined with foreign direct investment. From there, it should gradually establish a presence in each country with a joint venture strategy, followed by a parent-subsidiary strategy, with finally implementing a strategy of opening up retail chains, along with manufacturing and distribution cent ers in these countries. Therefore, the strategy for Clippy is based upon the internationalisation process (IP) model, which states that firms must first acquire market knowledge and gradually internationalize in a series of steps. This reduces the risk that firms take when entering foreign markets. Moreover, countries with smaller cultural distance, as explained below, are the countries that will be the first countries to enter, according to the IP theory, followed by countries with gradually larger cultural distance (Eiche, 2010, p. 6). These are the steps that Clippy should take to ensure success. Exporting and Importing One way that Clippy can get involved on the international stage would be importing/exporting her goods. International trade is important to a growing firm, as it is linked to a firm having higher productivity, a larger size and greater capital intensity then before it begins to export/import (Bernard et al., 2009, p. 514). Further, multi-national companies who eng age in importing and exporting pay higher wages than firms which do not do either of these, and also tend to be the leader in innovation in their respective industry (Bernard et al., 2009, p. 514). Moreover, trading tends to be concentrated in a small number of firms. For instance, Bernard et al. found that the top 1% of firms, in terms of international trading, accounted for 82% of all trades in the United States (Bernard et al., 2009, p. 515). Moreover, while most firms trade only a small percentage of goods to a

Study abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Study abroad - Essay Example Being able to navigate around foreign countries over time increases the chances for a student to be self-sufficient as they learn to provide for themselves. Interacting with people from different cultures also allows students to challenge their long-held beliefs; more importantly, this demands that students look into their own native culture and appreciate its uniqueness. This is because they will have the opportunity to identify differences and similarities with the cultures in the foreign countries, which in turn teaches them to be accommodating of others. In addition, students are bound to find themselves in situations where their personal identity is questioned or criticized where this gives them a chance to develop confidence and self-esteem as they give out responses. All these experiences go a long way in shaping the character of student looking to excel in their chosen career. Why it should be made a necessity to study abroad International experiences, especially long-term on es that last for a semester or a year help build a student both professionally and personally. A student has a better chance of accessing employment and further education opportunities. It becomes important for institutions to encourage their students to take advantage of opportunities to study abroad, even if for a semester only. Such encouragement helps students get over their personal fears and instead consider the opportunities for personal growth that are available through international experiences. In addition, institutions need to guide students through the application process for such programs and take them through the preparation process of moving there and settling in while finding means of fending for themselves. The core reason for advocating for studying abroad is that is help students gain exposure as this enables them to adjust their way of thinking, attitudes and builds their skills. This exposure is essential in helping students become empowered and feel confident e nough to participate in a global job market (Lewin, 2009). The second core reason is based on employers’ perception of students who have studied abroad. A study done by Trooboff, Van de Berg and Rayman revealed that employers value the ability to be flexible and adaptable and that these skills are enhanced by studying abroad. Additionally, the personal quality of being open to and non-judgmental about people from varying cultural backgrounds was seen as being valuable to employers, and enhanced by studying abroad. Being observant and a good listener also ranked high among qualities valued by employers and enhanced by studying abroad though this was superseded by qualities such as being willing to take risks in order to learn new things, being cognizant that one’s worldview is not universal and having knowledge about more than one culture outside the United States. Overall, the skills/ personal qualities ranked the highest were ability to work under pressure and being a ble to work effectively in teams where both were seen as being enhanced further by studying abroad. Following an international and global competence criteria developed by Hunter and Deardoof, this study ranked the highest three personal qualities as being important when employers are hiring as well as being enhanced by international study. These are being able to communicate, interact and effectively work outside one’s comfort zone, getting along well with persons from varying races and cultures and

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Religion - Essay Example This creates the essence for various rituals, libations, cultures, behaviors and lifestyle as observed by different religious traditions. It is worth noting, the fact that there is no single religious tradition that can claim to have fully understood this mystery of the origin of life. This has created superstitious values systems and opinions that have eventually seen these traditional religions differ, based on locality, intellectual background and levels as well as on human tribes and races. Religion, as stated by Harvey (2000) is â€Å"any form of belief, about deity, often involving rituals, a code of ethics, and a philosophy of life†p.89. It is the pulling together of various cultures opinions and viewpoints that relate humanity to the spiritual world. However, any spiritual believe or viewpoint uphold by an individual is remarkably different from religion. This is because religion has the public outlook, where many people subscribe to such a faith. Thus, religion can si mply be said to be a belief and/or a practice. Therefore, religion can be expressed in term of myths. These are kinds of stories explaining why a group subscribes to a certain faith.

SWOT Analysis on Chase Bank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SWOT Analysis on Chase Bank - Research Paper Example (Funding Universe, 2011) The merger in 2000 cemented the creation of one of the world’s biggest financial concerns. The company’s mission statement is (Company Statements and Slogans, 2011): "At JPMorgan Chase, we want to be the best financial services company in the world. Because of our great heritage and excellent platform, we believe this is within our reach." II. Strengths and Weaknesses One of the greatest strengths of the J. P. Morgan Chase banking line is the vast consumer base. J. P. Morgan Chase is the biggest bank in the United States. (Tully, 2009) The iterative mergers of banks to form this financial behemoth have meant that the infrastructure and access of the J. P. Morgan Chase enterprise is huge. The bank sports total assets of some $2 trillion while the total equity has been placed at $176 billion. (Forbes, 2011) Currently Forbes has declared J P. Morgan Chase as the world’s largest public company. (Forbes, 2011) These facts point to the bankâ₠¬â„¢s stability as a premier finance institution which ensures that it can deal with fiscal shocks in the short and long term. Currently, J. P. Morgan Chase sports branches as well as ATM facilities around the globe. Moreover, J. P. Morgan Chase is effectively present in over 60 countries globally. The number of employees is well over 200,000 globally. This ensures that the bank is connected to multiple markets. Problems in one market cannot force the bank into a corner as it has other outlets. One of the reasons that J. P. Morgan Chase fared better than the competition during the recent economic crunch was because it was present globally. Markets with internal consumption patterns helped J. P. Morgan through the worst. (J. P. Morgan Chase, 2011) On the downside, J. P. Morgan Chase has damaged its reputation over the years. A number of scandals have tarnished the bank’s reputation. In 2002 J. P. Morgan Chase had to pay the United States government some $80 million as fines fo r deceiving investors through biased market research. Similarly, the J. P. Morgan Chase hand in financing Enron caused heavy losses as well as $2 billion in compensation and legal settlements. (Market Watch, 2002) Another instance of consumer’s breach of trust occurred when J. P. Morgan Chase admitted to having overcharged military personnel’s mortgages. Families that had been overcharged and foreclosed were compensated through payments totalling $27 million in 2011. (Mui, 2011) These failures to protect the customers have been repeated over and over and may erode customer base in the longer run. J. P. Morgan Chase needs to review its policies constantly and should rely on consumer feedback extensively to judge the reputation and consequences of policies. Another weakness displayed by J. P. Morgan Chase has been their IT infrastructure. The system has proved to be inadequate to sustain business operations. The cancellation of an outsourcing agreement with IBM caused qu ite a stir. Employees were transferred to IBM’s payrolls which cause massive employee dissatisfaction. New consultants were hired to take the outsourcing bid forward but this caused additional expense and lost time. Productivity at J. P. Morgan Chase was seen to have decreased as well due to IT problems. (Kawamoto, 2004) This problem could be relieved by letting a large IT corporation such as IBM, Microsoft etc. deal

The Speeches Of Acts Essay Example for Free

The Speeches Of Acts Essay The two-volume set of Luke-Acts was an ancient scholars attempt at defending Christianity as not only a religion, but also as a way of life. While the first volume focused on the life of Jesus, the second volume, focused on the origins of the Christian Church. The speeches found within the book of Acts are ordered in such a way to plainly demonstrate how Christianity progressed from one mans idea into the dominant religion of the time period in which Acts was written. Each speech given is representative of a theme found in the book of Acts. When studying the speeches from Acts, it is important to keep the broader context in mind. The book of Acts itself is about the spread of Christianity and its church throughout the Roman world. It was the story of a spiritual conquest that eventually spread throughout the entire known world. And as with any epic story, it was made up of many smaller stories. Most of these stories found in the book of Acts revolved around a singular speech or occasionally, a group of speeches. In the second volume of Luke-Acts, these speeches make up about one quarter of the entire text. By inserting these unbroken speeches into the book of Acts, the author was able to convey a sense of immediacy that did not normally exist to the reader. When these speeches are observed in their larger context however, they begin to take on an entirely new meaning and intent. This large group of speeches can easily be sorted into groups and themes by looking at who was orating, what their intent was, who the audience was, and what the audiences reactions were. Because Acts was about the spread of Christian Church, the speakers were predominately Jewish-Christians. Paul and Peter orated the majority of the speeches although they are only part of the many Christian advocates who were spreading the Christian message during this time period. Throughout the time frame that book of Acts hopes to frame, many things were happening that were not recorded. It is important to realize that every recorded event portrayed in Acts, surely created Christianesque ripples that flowed continuously outward from the apostles and other devout followers. Many times, Christian speeches and activities often spurred other speeches that were orated by non-Christians. These non-Christian speeches were mainly negative to the Christian cause and were often preemptive to floggings and violence. Even though these outlying speeches are legitimate, the authors function of these speeches remains fundamentally different than that of the pro-Christian speeches found in Acts. Therefore they should be viewed as mere reactions and complements to the Christian speeches rather than speeches themselves. Many of these negative reactions were spurred when Christian speakers attempted to convert devout Jews into Christians, especially early on in Acts. For example, when Paul spoke to a Sadducees council early on in the book of Acts, the reaction the apostles received was not only a speech negating their preaching, but also a beating at the hands of the council. (Acts 5.29-5.40). The apostles were not deterred by these set backs posed by the council however, and they became more persistent in their witnessing to Jews and non-Jews alike. One method used to persuade Jews to cross over into Christianity was the implementation of history in their arguments and speeches. In Acts 13.16-13.41 Paul explained Jesus Jewish origins and how the same Jews that shared his ancestry had eventually rejected him. This message was extremely effective to small groups of Jews, but when a large group amassed during the next Sabbath day, Paul and the apostles were inevitably rejected once again by the Jews. The apostles were not content with speaking only to Jews because in their opinion, God was universal in his love of humans. They hoped to eventually unify Gentiles and Jews under one religion in which all were equal. In hopes of spreading this message to potential Gentile converts Paul and Barnabas traveled to the town of Lystria and spoke to the inhabitants. (Acts14.8-14.20). By healing a crippled man in public, Paul and Barnabas gained the attention of many Gentiles, who immediately regarded them as the Hellenistic Gods Zeus and Hermes. After convincing the masses about the way of Christianity, they traveled outwards from Jerusalem still into yet another Gentile town called Derbe. This continual path away from Jerusalem into the outer world paralleled what the apostles were attempting to do with Gentiles. By allowing the Gentiles to maintain their customs and culture, the way of worshipping the one Christian god became more appealing to the majority of them than pertaining to the typical Roman Gods. The only thing that Christian law required of Gentiles and Jews was belief in the idea that repentance of sin resulted in the forgiveness of God. As the apostles continued to journey outwards away from Jerusalem, the notion of the Christian church spread with them. In some cases the word of Christianity spread faster than the apostles. When Paul traveled to Ephesus in Acts 19.1 for example, he was met with disciples of Christianity who had been baptized in the name of John, but not yet of Jesus. After Paul had spent considerable time in Ephesus, he began his journey back towards Jerusalem. Once Paul was back in Jerusalem, the style of speeches drastically changed from evangelistic to defensive. Now that Paul was back in the midst of the hub of Jewish activity, he was constantly questioned, attacked, provoked, and arrested. When Paul went on trial before King Agrippa in Acts 26.1-26.32 his speech had a different message than most of his previous ones. Paul attempted to pacify his accusers by reverting to his Jewish roots and demonstrating that he had disobeyed no laws while within the temple. Paul summed up his experiences with the Jews and Gentiles and eventually was allowed freedom once again. The purpose for Pauls arrest in the context of Acts, was to not only sum up the previous themes found in the volume, but to also demonstrate the justification of unity between Jews and Gentiles under the same God. After this was accomplished, Paul was allowed his freedom so that he could continue his travels and repeat all of the subsequent themes that came with his earlier travels. Once Paul was in Rome, he continued his preaching to the Gentiles. While in Rome, he was subject to much of the same treatment he had found elsewhere in the world. On one hand, much praise and jubilation followed him, but on the other, he was also eventually persecuted and sent to jail. He was eventually forced to basically repeat his earlier apologies and arguments to justify his freedom. As before, he was allowed release so he could continue preaching and teaching in Rome. (Acts 28.17 28.28) To summarize the book of Acts, once Paul had conquered Jerusalem in a spiritual sense, he set out to conquer Rome as well. These cities represent both the Jewish capital of the world and the Gentile capital of the world. Upon implementation of Christianity of any giving town, the apostles set out to other towns and cities in order to give their powerful speeches, which signified so much more than the words they contained. Works Cited Ehrman, Bart D., The New Testament: A Historical Introduction To The Early Christian Writers. New York: Oxford, 2000. Harvey, A. E., The New English Bible: Companion To The New Testament. Cambridge: Oxford, 1970. Meeks, Wayne A., et al. ed. The Harper Collins Study Bible. Vol. 44. New York: HarperCollins, 1993. Stendahl, Krister. Paul Among Jews And Gentiles And Other Essays. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1973.

Paternal relationship Essay Example for Free

Paternal relationship Essay Out of all the new relationships that he starts, his paternal relationship with Eppie, after he takes her in, is by far the strongest and has the largest impact on his personality and attitude to life and God. It is not surprising that Silas defends his right to provide for Eppie when Godfrey claims that is would be better for her if him and Nancy took care of her. This question of who she belongs to is very important in the novel as it determines the future of not only Eppie but Godfrey and Nancy, and Silas (who all claim her), and indirectly affects others such as Squire Cass who might, for example, suspect Godfreys old secret marriage through his taking in Eppie. In chapter 19 of the book this issue comes to a conclusion when Godfrey and Silas debate on who has the right to look after Eppie and who would make her life happier. On reading this Elliot makes it clear that belonging to a family consists of far more than of being the same flesh and blood; it is being part of the same habits, lifestyle, religious practice and social class as well as having love for and from them and history with them. Eppies decision also plays a large part in this as what one does belong to is largely decided by what one wants to belong to and fortunately for Silas, she takes Elliots viewpoint on the situation. The debate between Godfrey and Silas is easily won by the latter as Silas argues that the attachment created by the bonds made through years of nurture and familiarity give a much stronger claim on Eppie than sharing the same blood and certain features. Elliot is also against Godfreys argument saying that the situation is his fault and speaks against him in the narrative voice:This frustration of a purpose towards which he had set out under the exalted consciousness that he was about to compensate in some degree for the greatest demerit of his life, made him feel the air of the room stifling. (page 150). In this chapter, at least, it is clear that the theme of belonging to a family is dominant and essential to the storyline not only because it is covered so broadly but also because the strength of Eppies belonging to Silas stops what would have been a radical change in the course of events. By attempting to take responsibility of Eppie, Godfrey is risking losing his place in the Cass family through exposing himself as the biological father and getting disowned as a result. There can be parallels drawn between him wanting to belong as family to Squire Cass and wanting to belong as family to Eppie but a major difference: with Eppie, Godfrey genuinely wishes to be part of her life and care for her but, with Squire Cass, he simply is anxious to stay part of the inheritance. This goes to show that although in many instances belonging can constitute deep bonds, moods and lifestyles, sometimes it can simply mean a little extra cash or other material things which can and often does affect weak characters in the book. The most simplistic and, by the friendless and Eppieless Silas in particular, overrated form of belonging is of material possessions. To the contrary of the majority of other types of belonging in the book, it is obvious, mostly by outcomes of material obsessions, that this type of belonging does not matter. This is almost undeniable as in every case where someone gains riches or maintains them it does not directly ameliorate any aspect of their situation and in many scenarios it even makes things worse for them. For example, Silass obsession with collecting gold turns out to be ultimately meaningless as he has no necessity or inclination to spend it and it gives him no true sense of fulfilment or happiness. Another proof of this is Eppies indifference to Godfreys property and fortune in terms of who she 3 chooses to look after her. In all the examples I have covered, with the significant exception of the belonging of material possessions, it seems that belonging has a great bearing on the outcome of many situations, which is often made clear through changes of belonging and their effects such as Silass depression and rejection of religion after he is refused the right to belong to Lantern Yard any longer. One can also make hypothetical situations based on the book where things dont belong to what they should do and in most cases the outcomes will be drastically changed. For example, had Eppie chosen to live with Godfrey and Nancy, Godfrey would be punished for his secret marriage to Molly, Silas would have been devastated and Eppies character and habits would change. Because almost every aspect of belonging affects the novel and in some cases in great magnitude, I come to a sure conclusion that the theme in general is of very high importance although not quite absolutely essential.

Webers Concept of Rationalization

Webers Concept of Rationalization Rationalization and Weber’s Possible Interpretations Rationalization is not a term that Max Weber defined in his book Modernity and Society. However, it is possible to speculate that the most plausible interpretation for what Weber meant by rationalization is, the replacement of traditional ways of doing things with new calculated ways. Two examples of these calculated ways of doing things can be seen in his writings on capitalism and bureaucracy; in which he highlights that capitalism has changed the economic structure of the West and bureaucracy, has changed the organizational structure in the West. One alternative interpretation that can also be taken from his book is that rationalization is the advancement of scientific reasoning through empirical evidence; which is a shift from previous emphasis on just spiritualism and mysticism. This paper will demonstrate that his interpretation does not hold much foundation in Weber’s writing and in fact, the most likely interpretation is the one regarding a shift to more calculated way s of doing. For Weber, calculation of human actions comes up immensely in his writing, and this ability to calculate and move from old traditional norms can be seen in the rise of capitalism and bureaucracy. Human beings systematic shift from bartering goods to a more sophisticated and logical way created a capitalistic society. Weber’s claim that capitalism is the essence of rationalization can be seen when he states â€Å"Also capitalist businessmen, not only as occasional entrepreneurs but as persons oriented permanently to business, have been ancient, enduring, and highly universal figures† (Weber, p. 57). He is referring to the old ways business was done which was not sufficient enough to survive in a more progressive Westernized world in which capitalism replaced it because it is a more rational way of viewing the economy. This is quite significant because he touches upon the theme of calculating the market and using that to one’s advantage to better understand the eco nomy. A supporter of the scientific interpretation might state that capitalism is not in fact a better way of organization because it causes many problems for individuals such as the inequalities that it produces. Thus might add, science through empirical evidence helps individuals unlike capitalism. While capitalism existed in places like China and in the Middle Ages it did not have the â€Å"spirit† as Weber describes it. This spirit that Weber speaks of is to have a duty to prosper through financial gains. When capitalism does prosper it is because individuals accept internal a certain way for doing things and realize that a capitalist society is right for them to achieve their goals and desires. He says â€Å"commercialisation would not have existed if capitalist-rational organization of work had not been there. One reason is rationalization is the enhancement of capitalism; it is the improvement of capitalist industrial firm.†(Weber, p.18). This illustrates his pr ofound confidence in capitalism as rationalization, which is a shift to more systematic calculated ways of thinking about and doing actions. Another example that can be used to support the calculated ways interpretation is Weber’s writings on bureaucracy. Bureaucracy’s ability to handle the tasks of an increasingly complex society with relative ease, has significantly changed the social life of individuals. Weber highlights the superiority of the bureaucratic system when he writes â€Å"the decisive reason for the advance of bureaucratic organization has always been its purely technical superiority over any other form of organization†(Weber, p.198). In a sense, Weber is praising bureaucracy with the formulation of a structural hierarchy chain of command that makes time more efficient and individuals know what goals must be accomplished as opposed to the old ways of doing things where the structure was not as defined. One might say that Weber does not support this because he states â€Å"Bureaucracy both in business offices and in public service, promotes the rise of a specific status group, just as d id the quite different officeholders of the past† (Weber, p.202). Weber is stating that bureaucracy is nothing different from the old ways of doing things because it creates a hierarchy where individuals are still at the bottom. At first glance this might present a reasonable challenge but after further analysis, its flaw is evident. This would not be a sufficient argument because Weber states â€Å"according to all constitutions he can be dismissed or resign at any time†( Weber , p.204), the â€Å"he† Weber is referring to is a high official in a bureaucratic system. He essential debunks the argument raised that bureaucracy creates a hierarchical society that individuals will always be able to retain their power. When in actuality unlike the traditional ways where power was secure and did not fluctuate, bureaucracies are deeply infringed in Western legal systems that inhibit people from keeping their power if that majority wants them out. The reality is that bec ause of the effortless movement of ideals and people, bureaucracy enables individuals to cooperate in an efficient manner, which is a result of rational behaviour. Weber accepting the bureaucracy has had a tremendous impact on his entire writing because from a sociological perspective, it allows individuals to work together more harmoniously because of the constant flow of activity as previously described. In a traditional society, human beings were focused on mysticism and spiritualism as a means of discovering everything in their surroundings and as a result they lacked comprehensive knowledge of their environment. An alternative interpretation to what rationalization might have meant to Weber is that it is the move from spiritual and mystical ways of seeing the world to a more scientific and empirical way of understanding our surroundings. A scientific interpretation might be seen as plausible because Weber’s admiration for science can be seen when he states â€Å"Every scientific â€Å"fulfillment† raises new â€Å"questions†; it asks to be â€Å"surpassed† and â€Å"out-datedâ€Å" (Weber, p.56). This is a very relevant reason for this interpretation because with scientific rise, one is able to ask more insightful questions than previously thought of. However, a disadvantage to an individual taking this interpretation is that although Weber supports scientific reasoning, he does not believe that it is only unique to Western society. â€Å"Empirical knowledge, reflection on the world and the problems of life, philosophical and theological wisdom of the deepest kind extraordinarily refined knowledge observation – all this existed outside the West† (Weber, p.53). This raises a huge flaw in rationalization with this interpretation because if rationalization is the move from better ways of thinking and more systematic calculable ways, then why would other individuals than the West develop it? A more unique perspective is to adopt the first interpretation where capitalism and bureaucracy are primarily found in the West. Weber, throughout the chapter entitled Scientific Vocation, makes reference to science not being able to answer the questions that govern a person’s regular life and it falls short in this area. Weber, a sociologist, would be primarily interested in the social aspects of rationalization something that science does not offer an answer to. The scientific interpretation would not be a suitable explanation for what Weber meant by rationalization. It is clear that Weber did not provide a direct definition for what rationalization meant. However, it is possible to conclude that because of his strong interest in capitalism and bureaucracy, he meant rationalization is the ability to calculate and systematically change the world. Although some might propose the alternative interpretation that Weber might have meant that rationalization is the transformation from mysticism thinking in the world of how religion used to be and towards more scientific knowledge. This interpretation would not be a substantive one to explain the other forms of rationalization that Weber describes throughout his book. References: Weber, M. (2005). Max Weber: Readings and Commentary on Modernity. S. Kalberg (Ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Civil War and The Souths Loss Essay -- American History, Historical C

Civil War and The South's Loss â€Å"In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics†¦You are bound to fail.† Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman to a Southern friend. â€Å"Why did the North win the Civil War?† is only half of a question by itself, for the other half is â€Å"Why did the South lose the Civil War?† To this day historians have tried to put their finger on the exact reason for the South losing the war. Some historians blame the head of the confederacy Jefferson Davis; however others believe that it was the shear numbers of the Union (North). The advantages and disadvantages are abundant on either sides of the argument, but the most dominate arguments on why the South lost the war would be the fact that state’s rights prevented unification of the South, Jefferson Davis' poor leadership and his failure to work together with his generals, the South failed to gain the recognition of the European nations, North's superior resources made the outcome inevitable, and moral of the South towards the end of the war. First, the South couldn’t have won the civil war because state’s rights prevented unification of the South. The very issue that created the Confederacy helped to destroy it. In waging war, the South faced problems of politics and government that greatly complicated its problem of economic mobilization. No one would deny the troublesome effect of the conflict generated by differing ideas of how best to protect liberty and to organize southern society for the war effort. Southern people insisted upon retaining their democratic liberties in wartime, which proved fatal for the South. They had to struggle with a â€Å"confederacy formed by particularistic politicians [that] could hardly be expected to adopt promptly those centralists polices which victory demanded† (Donald, p. 26). Individual state governors fought bitterly with Jefferson Davis to prevent him from consolidating power to fight the war. They withheld troops and supplies while the Confederate Congress sp ent its time arguing over the rights of the states instead of prosecuting a war of national survival. Many internal conflicts within the South were acquiring and weakening the South’s unity. Internal conflicts caused confederate officials to choose between moving troops from the coasts and strengthening their armies, or leaving the... ...iled to gain the recognition of the European nations, North's superior resources made the outcome inevitable, and moral of the South towards the end of the war. The Civil War was a trying time for both the North and the South alike, but the question of its outcome was obvious from the start. The North was guaranteed a decisive victory over the ill-equipped South. Northerners, prepared to endure the deficit of war, were startled to find that they were experiencing an enormous industrial boom even after the first year of war. To the South, however, the war was a draining and debilitating leech, sucking the land dry of any appearance of economical formidability. The debate continues whether or not the South could have won the Civil war. It’s always going to be a bunch of â€Å"what ifs?† Works Cited Beringer, Richard. et al. Why the South Lost the Civil War. Athens: University of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Georgia Press, 1986. Boritt, Gabor S. Why the Confederacy Lost. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992 Donald, David. et al. Why the North Won the Civil War. London: Collier Macmillan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publishers, 1960. Gallagher, Gary. The Confederate War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Technology or Liberal Arts? :: Personal Reflection

I have always had two interesting, but opposite loves. I have always found myself referring back to computers and philosophy in my everyday routine. I would usually spend hours reading and analyzing Plato’s doctrines or tinkering with the insides of my custom made PC, sometimes both at the same time. However, if ever asked which one I would like to pursue as a career, I would have to stop and think about it. Both computer science and philosophy have a lot to offer, but at the same time, a lot to dislike. There are advantages and disadvantages for getting a computer science degree. Computer science is a growing field that isn’t slowing down. Companies are constantly looking for young bright gurus who know how to understand and handle the amount of new information being created every day. Even in this current economic situation, people who work with computers have very stable jobs. We as a society are at a point where we rely too heavily on computers to accomplish tasks for us, and cannot just simply stop using them. Financially, computer science also looks promising. Since computers are alien to most people, the fact that there are a small percentage of people that actually understand computers, people who know are considered to have a â€Å"unique† set of skills. So employers are ready to give fat paychecks to anyone that has proven that they are experts in the field. Since I have had previous jobs in this field, I can confirm that there is good money in it. For exampl e, being a junior in a high school I was given a part time job (which later became full time) which started me off at $9.25 an hour. This later increased as they saw how skilled I was. On the other hand, despite all of these positive reasons, computer science has a very promising outlook as a job for it is quite boring and dull. I would find myself hating my job and myself as I type away at a keyboard inside of a cubical. It does not stimulate the body or the mind and I would find myself looking forward to simple things, such as being first to get to the fresh pot of coffee, as a source of excitement. As well as not enjoying my job, my degree would be outdated within a few years. Which means though I may have been working for a company for multiple years, a young naive college graduate could easily take my place.

The Relationship between Gods and Mortals in Mythology Essays -- Paper

The Relationship between Gods and Mortals in Mythology The relationship between gods and mortals in mythology has long been a complicated topic. The gods can be generous and supportive, and also devastating and destructive to any group of humans. Mortals must respect the powers above them that cannot be controlled. The gods rule over destiny, nature, and justice, and need to be recognized and worshipped for the powerful beings as they are. Regardless of one's actions, intentions, and thoughts, the gods in Greek myth have ultimate power and the final decision of justice over nature, mortals, and even each other. Justice is a very important ruling power for both gods and mortals. For instance, in Sophocles' tragedy, Antigone, justice prevails over king Creon's actions. He sentences his own niece to death for giving her deceased brother, a pronounced enemy of Thebes, a proper burial. In return for his rigid ruling he loses his wife and son to tragic deaths. Creon puts his own city?s justice before the determined justice of the gods, and pays dearly for it. Antigone also receives justice for her actions even though she dies. She did go against the law of her mortal king, but did obey the law of the gods, and therefore died a hero and martyr. The laws of the gods gives dishonor to those who do not properly respect their family members. In order to keep her honor and self-respect, Antigone had to break her city?s law, even if it meant death. ?Justice? can also be associated with the goddess of Earth, Justice. Antigone follows the laws of the gods that will live on forever, not Creon?s mere proclamations of power. Antigone will not let her sister die with her because Justice does not allow people to die heroes if ... ...re ancient Greek world and culture. References Consulted Grene, D., and Lattimore, R., eds. ?Antigone? and ?Prometheus Bound.? Greek Tragedies: Volume 1. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1991. 178-232, 65-106. Grene, D., and Lattimore, R., eds. ?The Bacchae.? Greek Tragedies: Volume 3. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1991. 195-262. Powell, B.B. Classical Myth. Prentice Hall: New Jersey. 459-462. Bibliography: References Consulted Grene, D., and Lattimore, R., eds. ?Antigone? and ?Prometheus Bound.? Greek Tragedies: Volume 1. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1991. 178-232, 65-106. Grene, D., and Lattimore, R., eds. ?The Bacchae.? Greek Tragedies: Volume 3. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1991. 195-262. Powell, B.B. Classical Myth. Prentice Hall: New Jersey. 459-462.

American Gun Laws

Gun laws in the United States of America need to be altered in order to make American society safer. The Second Amendment of the Constitution reads â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. † This means that from the point any American child is born they have the right to possess a gun and use it for their own safety. How can a child as young as the age of ten years old know the difference between using a gun for their safety and playing with a gun putting themselves into danger? One state in America called Virgin has its very own law that every person must possess a gun. The law in the United States approves of blind men or woman having the right to possess a gun. If you are mentally affected you are also eligible to possess a gun. How can this be legal? Semi- automatic and automatic guns can be legally purchased in most US states by anyone who doesn’t have a violent criminal record. What is a violent criminal record? The law itself is not worded correctly. Semi-automatic guns are weapons which perform all steps necessary preparing the weapon to fire again after one shot. Automatic guns are firearms which keep firing bullets until the trigger is released. Why should every day American citizens need these sorts of weapons to â€Å"protect themselves†? Ammunition for guns can be purchased at nearly every store around the United States including Kmart and even in a barbers shop. Not only are you able to buy ammunition for very powerful guns but you are also legally allowed to buy as many sets of ammunition as you desire. Seventeen cents is all you need to purchase one bullet in America. If Americans wanted fewer people dying from guns every year they would change the price and the fact that guns are so easy to access dramatically. If bullets were 7,000 dollars each they would be used more carefully. This would influence a massive change in people dying per year from â€Å"gun accidents† as Americans would become very cautious in using their ammunition wisely. In 1999 two boys, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold went on a shooting rampage at Columbine High School. They purchased their weapons legally from the local Kmart. They used semi-automatic guns, shot guns and even possessed 99 explosives and 4 knives. They shot 900 rounds of ammunitions killing a total of 12 students and one teacher and then themselves. The massacre started a debate over gun laws and the availability of firearms to high school students. It resulted in an increase emphasis on school security. Students in American schools now must go through metal detector before entering their daily lasses. Security also checks for any sharp metal such as nail clippers but they do not focusing on the fact that guns are a large cause of death. One child was suspended from his school because he was carrying around a stapler. Guns are still legally allowed in schools. 45% of US households have at least one gun. Around 59. 1 million adults in the United States own a gun. There is no law stating that you need to register your gun so it is impossible to know exactly who owns a gun and how many guns are being sold. 31,593 helpless lived were killed in 2011 by guns. This is a clear message. Guns are not doing any good. Therefore they should not be allowed. Guns should not be used to take others lives. They should be used in the military to protect the country not to kill. They should be used for people that like to go hunting. Semi-automatic and automatic guns are not used to kill a dear so why are they allowed to be sold to any civilised person in the United States? It is said that the availability of a gun makes it more likely that you will have feelings of anger or thoughts of suicide. 381 people have died from gun shooting in Germany, 255 in France, 165 in the UK, 59 in Japan and 39 in Australia. Why is it that approximately 100,000 American people die every year from guns? This is 300 people per day losing their lives because of guns. This is screaming out to Americans that they have to act now. Waiting another year is just losing 100,000 more lives. The news in America impacts greatly on the way society looks at their safety. The TV advertises violence sending a bad message across to any children in the United States. One hour before the Columbine shooting America bombed a school and a hospital in Iraq. This is not setting a good example. Changing the gun laws is a battle between freedoms and safety. It is a battle between freedom for the American people as they have lived their whole lives with the idea that they are safe as they have possession of guns. They have grown up with parents teaching them how to use a gun and in many cases this can lead to good and bad. It can be bad because a child might accidently use a gun for the wrong reasons or their parents have taught them the wrong way of using one. Putting themselves into danger and for good as some families might be smart enough to tell their children there are other ways of protection over guns. It is a battle between safety for all the reasons above. Guns have been seen to be used for nothing but bad in the past and this needs to change. 20 people in America are dying every single hour from a gun. This is not only telling us that they are not used for safety precautions but it is telling us that the American citizens are not very educated in their actions and the way they act. Most Americans might be very good at handling guns and not using them for the worse but to think that so many are dying from one machine and nothing is changing is not good at all. In Australia around about 65 people are killed by guns every year. In America around about 11,127 people are killed by guns every year. 40% of guns sold are not sold without a background check. This means that people with criminal records are easy accepted to own a gun when they are said not to be. The Law says that is you have a criminal record you are unable to possess a gun but many Americans are still easily getting one. This is a wakeup call. America should not be allowing possession of guns for the safety of their own country. Where there are more guns, there are more deaths. America has to start acting now before another 100,000 people are dead.

Moral Law in Trifles

Throughout history it is shown that women have been looked down upon by men. They have been considered inferior to the opposite sex and even as a form of property. â€Å"Trifles† take place in 1916 where the rights of women are yet to be stated a place that is ruled by the paterfamilias, the men. Only men knew what was right, only men knew what was best for their families. Men criticized women a lot and made fun of them.Men do not understand the difficulty of these duties and the hard working hours that are needed to keep a farmhouse and or a family tidy and well organized. Women just make their lives look easier by cooking, cleaning and caring for their children. Although today, we are not burdened with this struggle of being physically and emotionally abused by men, women in the early 1900’s struggled to break free from this mold formed by society.In the â€Å"Trifles† this type of living made lively, singing, happy Minnie Wright turn into a mentally disturbed, cold and routine robot after she married her husband, Mr. Wright. However, in the play women are far from being decorative. They actually show greater strength than the surrounding men. As the men went upstairs to investigate what happen to the husband, the women stays down stairs. They were able to look at the scene and pay attention to the details which lead them to uncover the clues that Mrs.Wright murdered her husband. At that time before the men came downstairs, the women hid the evidence and did not judge Mrs. Wright for her action. I can only say that moral justice prevailed and that law should not be so strict in some cases because there are more psychological aspects in a human mind. The women hid the evidence as an act of compassion for Mrs. Wright. Stealing the box with the dead bird is an act of loyalty to their gender and of defiance against a callous patriarchal society.A murder case like this at that particular time was a shocking thing to solve because it involved t iny details that men could not understand or view without the help of women. Details that are presented in women lifestyle, Mrs. Peter and Mrs. Hale was able to relate to Mrs. Wright to the murder of the killing of her husband. This conflict is the moral justice versus the legal justice meaning that justice can be based on what somebody conscience suggest what is right or wrong, rather than on what that strict law says to be done.Although Mrs. Peters was hesitating about the decision of hiding the evidence, she knew it was the right thing to do. The women understood the moral law and the Sheriff Hale and the County Attorney represented legal justice. In this world women have always been treated second best by men and like they were never good enough for careers outside of the home. The sex of a person should not determine what type of job a person should have. Due to those facts the women in â€Å"Trifles† stood by each other to cover Mrs. Wright tracks

Chapter Summary of Guns Germs and Steel

1. How humans came into existence was talked about along with the major advances in the world’s development. It is proven that humans did evolve from monkeys in Africa. There is some arguments around if there were pre-Clovis people or not, but James Diamond says evidence would’ve been found by now. 2. The Maori and Moriori are the descendants of the Polynesians. Because they had a larger and denser population, the Maori people were more technologically advanced with more complex societies and technology. Smaller populations only make things when there is an actual need.3. There was a big population shift in North America when the Europeans colonized America and almost eliminated the Native American population. The Spanish conquistadors were Christians, who used God as their reasoning behind actions. So, when the Incan emperor and heir died of small pox, the Spanish used their communication skills to easily defeat the Incas. 4. The production of food is very important to a successful society, because food means more people. Domesticating animals also comes with its benefits such as: milk, meat, tools, labor, and transportation.For example horses were used in warfare. 5. There was a discussion revolving around why well off areas didn’t do food production. The earliest places that did adopt food productions were: Iraq, Mexico, and the Andes. 6. Ancient farming often had many diseases associated with it along with malnourishment and younger deaths. Usually people would do a combination of hunter gathering and farming. Mainly the only people who would not survive are the ones who could not farm because of geographical reasons. 7. Wild plants became crops through genetic modifications.For the purpose of reproduction, tasty plants had bitter seeds, so animals wouldn’t eat the seeds. 8. This chapter discussed why the Fertile Crescent thrived as well as it did. Three possible answers could be: the climate, self-pollination, and the ancestor c rops. The beginning of the chapter also talks a lot about why some locations used agriculture and some did not. There were many theories to this question. 9. The definition of a domesticated animal is: an animal selectively bred in captivity and thereby modified from its wild ancestors, for use by humans who control the animal’s breeding and food supply.Elephants and zebras are both capable of being domesticated, but no one has been successful at it yet. The most successfully domesticated animals have all come from Eurasia. 10. The axis and Earth’s rotation have an affect on the continent. Trade tends to move farther east and west, because they share the same day length, diseases, seasons, and climate. 11. Germs and infections had a huge affect on crops and animals. People develop immunity to certain diseases. Sometimes though infections can spread very slowly, which makes it act more effectively because no one discovers it.12. The ability to write and its importance w as discussed in this chapter. A societies comprehension is shown through its writing. A writing system has three basic parts: a sound, syllable, and word. The basic structures for many writing systems were based off The Sumerians and the Mesoamerican people. 13. Diamond says that there are a few parts for an invention to be used and wanted. It has to have an economic advantage and match the interest of society. It also must have social significance. 14. This chapter talks about the organization of a society.There are many levels of organization. The levels are: a band, tribe, chiefdom, state, and kleptocrat. The chapter discusses what each one was and talks about the roles of each one along with its strengths and weaknesses. 15. Even though Australia had some of the best technology, it didn’t ever attack Europe. Australia was known to isolate itself along with New Guinea. New Guinea was geographically isolated and progressed slowly for a few reasons. For example: their crops didn’t have significant protein and there were no diseases to keep intruders out. 16.China stayed very isolated and unified politically. Language was also discussed. Language changes and evolves into different languages, because when people invade the area they bring their own words and phrases that then become part of the local language. 17. A language that did not change was Polynesia’s. This has an unknown reason why. The Austronesians did have the largest population expansion in the last 6000 years. They attacked New Guinea and killed the majority of the New Guineans. 18. Eurasia did not successfully take over all the Native Americans.The Eurasians were use to working with domesticated animals, but there were not many domesticated animals there. Even though they couldn’t really use the animals, with the use of guns, germs, and steel the Eurasians had a huge advantage over the Native Americans. 19. Africa is predominately black for the reason that the black p eople owned the largest area. The black farmers attacked the Pygmy homeland and took their language. They also did this to the Khoisans. Africa didn’t domesticate animals until much later.

Compare the Ways

To highlight this attention has to be given to the story and roots of youth work in England. One of the first types of youth work provision was the early network of Sunday Schools founded by Robert Raises and Hannah Moore in 1780. Their idea was to morally educate the children and young people of the working classes because at this time less than a third of children of school age actually attended school; hence the young population, especially females, were uneducated (Smith, Bibb).However the working class attempted to create bottom-up forms of education themselves with the formation of the Young Man's Christian Association in 1844 by George Williams. Within the association were the early characteristics of a youth work approach and an emphasis on healthy spiritual well-being especially for city dwelling young males (Smith, AAA; Smith, Bibb).This reflects the morally upright and patriarchal Victorian views of the time along with the recognition of youth as a discipline in its own ri ght (Staunton Rogers, 2004). By the mid nineteenth century the struggles of the working class had been all but lost with the influx of top-down institutions which were mainly church led. Toward the end of the century young sections of the population were identified as needing activities to engage in to improve their leisure time and to maintain social control.It was widely accepted that this leadership would be undertaken by a range of philanthropic institutions and state run establishments. One of the most significant youth organizations of this period was the Scouting movement started by Robert Baden-Powell. To accentuate the importance of state social control and the Liberalism's political agenda school attendance became compulsory up to the age of ten with the introduction of the 1880 and 1902 Education Acts (Smith, AAA).It was also around this time and Britain's early globalization and the changing social and economic conditions that prompted the Politician's and educated membe rs of society to develop country wide youth practice as observers believed that the youth of English nation were experience new and harsh encounters and a lot of this was to do with the newly constructed phase of adolescence, this new breed of child needed discipline , protection and some nurturing(Davies,1967).As Russell and Rugby commented â€Å"some of the challenges were domestic. As the demand for unskilled especially child) labor reduced more and more young people were neither in school nor work† they felt that the young adolescence leisure time was not being fulfilled and the young â€Å"indulge in ‘one main amusement gambling (Russell & Rugby, 1908: 10-11). D The youth of the country were seen as being tested, too, within a new international context who should, who could, take on these emerging responsibilities?Pragmatic and often major compromises with the laissez-fairer principles which had so shaped Victorian Britain had already been made – in order f or example to errant public health and spread elementary education to the whole population. Nonetheless, in this later nineteenth century period and even into the early decades of the twentieth century the state remained, at best, an unwelcome intruder into the personal and social spheres of people's lives. For responding to the newly identified leisure-time needs of young people, a state role was therefore never apparently considered.Self-evidently, these were suitable fields for voluntarily supported clubs' (Berry, 1919: 96) – a task for thinking people who felt something must be done†¦ (Russell and Rugby, 1908: 12); for those who were conscious of what their ‘happier fortune has bestowed on us from our circumstances' (Button, 1985: 14); who were fortunately placed' and therefore felt very strongly that in some way (action) was incumbent on us' (Chill, 1935: 5). By the early decades of the twentieth century the result was a network of local independent boys and g irls clubs across the I-J.From the sass, under the influence of William Smith, military-style brigades for boys and girls also took hold and by the sass were being supplemented and indeed often underpinned by Baden Bowel's Boy Scouts and later the Girl Guides. In due course these sought mutually supportive links by setting up a range of local, regional and national associations and federations. The Boer War highlighted the need for a fitter, healthier generation of young men and this was supported by social research (Staunton Rogers, 2004).In response to these findings the Children Act 1908 was introduced to establish a Juvenile Justice system, specific medical treatment and free school meals specifically for minors. However, despite young people during this period beginning to be recognized in heir own right there was an ulterior political and philanthropic agenda to enforce social control and Christian morals for both girls and boys (Staunton Rogers, 2004). Nevertheless society be gan to change during World War One as young men were conscripted into the horrors of war and returned transformed.Whereas women were no longer perceived as, â€Å"delicate maidens of Victorian sensibilities† but instead began to be recognized as capable individuals with their own identities (Staunton Rogers, 2004: 4). Subsequently it was recognized that state intervention was needed ND powers and funding were given to local authorities to invest in Juvenile Organizing Committees (Smith, AAA). Up until this point it was still normal to talk about work with or among boys and girls (or young men and women or youth).In the late sass we see the growing use of the term ‘youth work'. The first booklet in the UK appeared with it in its title: Methods in Youth Work (Walked et al 1931). Bibliography Davies, B. And Gibson, A. (1967). The social education of the adolescent, London: University of London Press. IPPP. Laudable, J. (1989) ‘Children in history: concepts of nature and society In: Scarce, G. Deed) Children, Parents and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. IPPP-20. Russell, C. E. B. And Rugby, L. M. 1908, Working Lads Clubs, London, MacMillan and Co Ltd. Smith, M. K. (AAA) Youth Work an Introduction. Http://www. Infer. Org/youth's/b-WY. HTML [accessed 08. 11. 12]. Smith, M. K. (Bibb) ‘Hannah More: Sunday schools, education and youth work' The Encyclopedia of Informal Education. Http://www. Infer. Org/thinkers/more. HTML [accessed 9. 11. 12]. Poverty was abundant and with the start of the industrial revolution it was inevitable that children were used as cheap labor (Laudable,1989. Smith, 2002).

Evaluation Of Investment Alternatives Essay

Introduction – Capital budgeting A critical role of a financial manager is the evaluation of capital projects.   This is a very important task because the money involved in such activities is significant and the benefit or loss derived from will highly influence the financial performance of the whole organisation (Brockington R. B. 1996, p 102).   Indeed, Nobel laureates Modigliani and Miller suggested in their theory of capital structure that the value of a company is not affected by its gearing, but the primary factor that influences such value is the investment in wealth creating projects (Pike R. et al.   1999. p 557 and 577). 1.1   Evaluation of plans if their risk equals that of the firm 1.1.1 Net Present Value Method PLAN X Details 0 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 1 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 2 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 3 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 4 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 5 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 Initial Investment (2,700)                Cash Flows    470 610 950 970 1,500 Net Cash Inflow/(Outflow) (2,700) 470 610 950 970 1,500 12% Discount Rate 1.0000 0.89286 0.79719 0.71178 0.63552 0.56743 Present Value (2,700) 419.64 486.29 676.19 616.45 851.15 Net Present Value – â‚ ¬349,720 PLAN Y Details 0 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 1 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 2 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 3 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 4 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 5 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 Initial Investment (2,100)                Cash Flows    380 700 800 600 1,200 Net Cash Inflow/(Outflow) (2,100) 380 700 800 600 1,200 12% Discount Rate 1.0000 0.89286 0.79719 0.71178 0.63552 0.56743 Present Value (2,100) 339.29 558.03 569.42 381.31 680.92 Net Present Value – â‚ ¬428,970 Source:   Drury C. 1996, p 389. 1.1.2 Internal Rate of Return Method PLAN X Year Net Cash Inflow/(Outflow) Discount Factor* Present Value    â‚ ¬ 16% 17% 16% 17% 0 (2,700,000) 1.0000 1.0000 (2,700,000) (2,700,000) 1 470,000 0.86207 0.85470 405,172.90 401,709.00 2 610,000 0.74316 0.73051 453,327.60 445,611.10 3 950,000 0.64066 0.62437 608,627.00 593,151.50 4 970,000 0.55229 0.53365 535,721.30 517,640.50 5 1,500,000 0.47611 0.45611 714,165.00 684,165.00 Net Present Value 17,014 (57,723) PLAN Y Year Net Cash Inflow/(Outflow) Discount Factor* Present Value    â‚ ¬ 18% 19% 18% 19% 0 (2,100,000) 1.0000 1.0000 (2,100,000) (2,100,000) 1 380,000 0.84746 0.84034 322,034.80 319,329.20 2 700,000 0.71818 0.70616 502,726.00 494,312.00 3 800,000 0.60863 0.59342 486,904.00 474,736.00 4 600,000 0.51579 0.49867 309,474.00 299,202.00 5 1,200,000 0.43711 0.41905 524,532.00 502,860.00 Net Present Value 45,670.80 (9,560.80) Source: Horngren T. C. et al. 1997, p 785 – 787. 1.1.3 Evaluation of projects Plan Y is more financially feasible under both methods.   The net present value of Plan Y is â‚ ¬79,250 [â‚ ¬428,970 – â‚ ¬349,720] higher than Plan X.   The internal rate of return of Plan Y is also 2.61% higher than the other plan, indicating a higher margin of safety on losses in case the expected cash flows are not achieved (Randall H. 1996, p 446). 1.2 Examination of plans at different risk profiles 1.2.1 Net Present Value Method PLAN X Details 0 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 1 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 2 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 3 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 4 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 5 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 Initial Investment (2,700)                Cash Flows    470 610 950 970 1,500 Net Cash Inflow/(Outflow) (2,700) 470 610 950 970 1,500 13% Discount Rate 1.0000 0.88496 0.78315 0.69305 0.61332 0.54276 Present Value (2,700) 415.931 477.722 658.398 594.920 814.140 Net Present Value – â‚ ¬261,111 PLAN Y Details 0 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 1 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 2 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 3 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 4 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 5 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 Initial Investment (2,100)                Cash Flows    380 700 800 600 1,200 Net Cash Inflow/(Outflow) (2,100) 380 700 800 600 1,200 15% Discount Rate 1.0000 0.86957 0.75614 0.65752 0.57175 0.49718 Present Value (2,100) 330.437 529.298 526.016 343.050 596.616 Net Present Value – â‚ ¬225,417 Source:   Hirschey M. et al. 1995, p 799. 1.2.2 Comparison of decisions at different risk rates When the discount rate of the project is considered instead of the overall rate of the company, the financial viability of Plan Y diminishes because this plan is a riskier project than the other one and hence, a higher discount rate is chosen.   The process of discounting arises from the time-value of money principle, and the higher the discount rate the lower the present value from the cash flows generated from the project (Pike R. et al. 1999, p 66 & 67).   In such a stance, Plan Y is no longer the most optimal project because Plan X net present value exceeds that of Plan Y by â‚ ¬35,694 (â‚ ¬261,111 – â‚ ¬225,417). 1.3 Analysis of real option data for plans 1.3.1 Net Present Value Method PLAN X Details 0 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 1 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 2 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 3 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 Initial Investment (2,700)          Cash Flows    470 610 950 Net Cash Inflow/(Outflow) (2,700) 470 610 950 13% Discount Rate 1.0000 0.88496 0.78315 0.69305 Present Value (2,700) 415.931 477.722 658.398 Net Present Value: -â‚ ¬1,147,949 + (â‚ ¬100,000 x 25%) = -â‚ ¬1,122,949 PLAN Y Details 0 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 1 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 2 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 3 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 4 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 5 â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â„¢000 Initial Investment (2,100)                Cash Flows    380 700 800 600 1,200 Net Cash Inflow/(Outflow) (2,100) 380 700 800 600 1,200 15% Discount Rate 1.0000 0.86957 0.75614 0.65752 0.57175 0.49718 Present Value (2,100) 330.437 529.298 526.016 343.050 596.616 Net Present Value: â‚ ¬225,417 + (â‚ ¬500,000 x 20%) = â‚ ¬325,417 Source:   Lucey T. 2003, p 416. 1.3.2 Comparison of real option plans with original plans If we consider and apply the real options available, Project Y becomes the best project, on the contrary of the conclusion noted in sub-section 1.2.2.   It is also worth nothing that the application of the real option for Plan X is not financially viable because we will end up with a negative net present value.   If we compare the net present value of Plan Y under the real options scheme with the net present value of Plan X we can deduce that Plan Y real options project is more feasible than the other plan since the net present value is â‚ ¬64,306 higher [â‚ ¬325,417 – â‚ ¬261,111]. 1.4 Effect of Capital Rationing Capital rationing is an absolute restriction on the amount of finance available for a project irrelevant of cost.   This should not be confused with scarcity of economic resources.   Capital rationing on projects is sometimes applied even though the organization posses or can attain available finance.   For example, a capital rationing may be imposed on the amounts of debts an organisation can take in order to limit the gearing of the firm (Brockington R. B. 1996, p 151). When conditions of capital rationing are imposed, there is the possibility that the most optimum project is not selected.   Therefore yes capital rationing may effect the selection of Plan X or Plan Y.   For example if a capital rationing is adopted by the firm which states that the initial investment cannot exceed â‚ ¬2,000,000 due to its effect on gearing. Under such conditions no Plan would be selected by the firm.   Another example of capital rationing that will affect the project choice is if management decided to restrict expansion of the factory, because they fear that control on employees may be lost affecting negatively their relationship and control on staff.   In this case Plan X would be excluded, even though it is the most optimal project as denoted in sub-section 1.2.2., and the available choice would be Plan Y. 1.5 Financial instruments available for private companies The alternative financial instruments that the firm can use, apart from shares are: Corporate Bonds & Debentures; Overdraft facility by the bank; Bank loan; Venture capital; and Leasing 1.5.1 Advantages and disadvantages of corporate bonds/debentures The advantages related to corporate bonds are (E*Trade Financial website): Corporate bonds are usually lent at a longer period of time (Veale R. S. 2000, p 155). Interest payments for bonds are tax deductible. Interest rates of corporate bonds are frequently lower than those of banks. Percentage ownership of shareholders is not weaken by the issue of corporate bonds or debentures (Veale R. S. 2000, p 156) The disadvantages encountered with corporate bonds are: Obligation of interest on the firm’s cash flow, thus increasing the risk of bankruptcy during periods of financial problems. Upon maturity, the company has to pay back all the amount of the bond. 1.5.2 Advantages and disadvantages of bank overdraft facility A bank overdraft facility can provide the following benefits (tutur2u website): Allows flexibility of finance.   The company can increase the overdraft facility within acceptable limits. Interest is only charged on the amount used and is tax deductible. Percentage ownership of shareholders is not diluted by taking an overdraft facility. The disadvantages imposed by an overdraft facility are (tutur2u website): Rates of interest are higher than those of bank loans. Money due is repayable on demand. The facility limit can be changed by the bank according to its discretion. Usually used for short-term borrowing. 1.5.3 Advantages and disadvantages of bank loans These are the advantages derived from bank loans (tutur2u website): Loan is repaid back in regular payments thus allowing better cash management. Lower interest charged than bank overdraft. Percentage ownership of shareholders is not diluted by taking an overdraft facility. Large amounts can be borrowed for long term finance. Limitations of this type of finance are (tutur2u website): Interest has to be paid within a specified date. Less flexible than an overdraft facility. 1.5.4 Advantages and disadvantages of venture capital The advantages of venture capital are (Business Link website): Obtain proficient management expertise, if they get involved in the firm’s operations. Large sums of finance can be obtained from venture capital. The disadvantages incurred by using such medium of finance are (Business Link website): Require detailed financial reporting like business plans and financial estimates. Legal and accountancy fees are incurred in the negotiation process. Firm require a proven track record to take such finance. High returns are frequently expected from venture capitalists.       15.5 Advantages and disadvantages of leasing The advantages obtained from leasing are (Enterprise. Financial Solutions website): Provides 100% financing of asset. There is no need of credit lines with banks and other depositary associations, which are hard to obtain. Minimal paperwork required to acquire lease. Acts as hedging against inflation. Flexible payments are allowed in leasing. Interest on leasing is not subject to increases like bank overdrafts. The disadvantages encountered through leasing finance are (Auto Leasing Software Lease Tips website): The organisation is committed to the entire validity period of the lease. High amounts of insurance coverage are frequently demanded in leases. No ownership of the asset the firm is using in the project’s operations. References: Auto Leasing Software Lease Tips.   Disadvantages of leasing (on line).   Available from:   http://www.autoleasingsoftware.com/LeaseTips/Disadvantages.htm (Accessed 13th March 2007). Brockington R. B. (1996).   Financial Management.   Sixth Edition.   London:   DB Publications. Business Link.   Equity Finance (on line).   Available from:   http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCES&itemId=1075081582 (Accessed 13th March 2007). Drury C. (1996).   Management and Cost Accounting.   Fourth Edition.   London:   Thomson Business Press. Enterprise.Financial Solutions.   Advantages of leasing (on line).   Available from:   http://www.efsolutionsinc.com/Advantages_of_leasing.htm (Accessed 13th March 2007). E*Trade Financial.   Corporate Bonds Overview (on line).   Available from:   https://us.etrade.com/e/t/kc/KnowArticle?topicId=13200&groupId=8722&articleId=8723 (Accessed 13th March 2007). Hirschey M; Pappas L. J. (1995).   Fundamental of Managerial Economics.   Fifth Edition.   Orlando:   The Dryden Press Horngren T. C.; Foster G.; Srikant M. D. (1997).   Cost Accounting – A Managerial Emphasis.   Ninth Edition.   London:   Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited. Lucey T. (2003).   Management Accounting.   Fifth Edition.   Great Britain:   Biddles Ltd. Pike R.; Neale B. (1999).   Corporate Finance and Investment.   Third Edition.   London:   Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited. Randall H. (1999).   A Level Accounting.   Third Edition.   Great Britain:   Ashford Colour Press Ltd. Tutur2u.   Bank Loans and Overdrafts (on line).   Available from:   http://www.tutor2u.net/business/gcse/finance_bank_loans_overdrafts.htm (Accessed 13th March 2007). Veale R. S. (2000).   Stocks, Bonds, Options and Futures.   Second Edition.   United States of America:   New York Institute of Finance.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 40

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Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

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Information management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

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Marriage versus living together Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

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Discussion Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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