Microsoft Environment Analysis Essay

Abstract Windows of Vulnerability is defined as the ability to attack something that is at risk. Hackers search and pride themselves on finding vulnerabilities or creating their own within a system. A few examples of vulnerabilities that will be covered in this paper are CodeRed, Spida, Slammer, Lovesan, and Sasser. The worm named Code Red was observed on the internet on July 13, 2001. Computers running Microsoft IIS web server were attacked with this worm. Code Red worm did not infect the largest amount of computers until July 19, 2001 with 359,000 hosts being infected. The worm would spread itself in a vulnerability known as a buffer overflow. It would do this by using a long string of the repetition of the letter â€Å"N† to overflow a buffer. Spida worm infects via Microsoft SQL installations with administrator accounts that have no passwords defined. Microsoft recommends the â€Å"sa† account be set upon installation but many servers are not properly secured after installat ion. The main purpose of the Spida worm is to export an infected server’s Sam password database. SQL Slammer worm caused a denial of service on Internet host and slowed down general internet traffic. On January 25, 2003 it spread rapidly and infected 75,000 victims in ten minutes. The worm exploited the buffer overflow and would generate random IP addresses, send itself out to those addresses. If one of those addresses happens to belong to a host that is running an unpatched copy of Microsoft SQL Server Resolution Service, the host becomes infected and sprays the Internet with more copies of the worm. Lovesan worm A.K.A. MSBlast or Blaster Worm was a worm that spread to computers running Microsoft operating systems Windows XP and Windows 2000. The worm spread using a buffer overflow. This allowed the worm to spreads without the users opening attachments simply by spamming itself. The worm would display a two messages reading â€Å"I just want to say LOVE YOU SAN!!Soo much.† This message gave the worm the name Lovesan; the second message read â€Å"Billy Gates why do you make this possible ? Stop making money and fix your software!!†. Sasser worm affects computers running Microsoft operating systems Windows XP and Windows 2000. Sasser spreads through a vulnerable network port. It is particularly easy to spread without user intervention but is also easily stopped by a  properly configured firewall. The worm received the name Sasser because it would spread through a buffer overflow in the component known as LSASS(Local Security Authority Subsystem). References Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Code Red (computer worm) – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Red_(computer_worm) IBM X-Force: Ahead of the Threat – Resources. advise118 . Retrieved from http://www.iss.net/threats/advise118.html Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. SQL Slammer – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_Slammer Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Blaster (computer worm) – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaster_(computer_worm) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sasser (computer worm) – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasser_(computer_worm)

Issues Facing Prison Service

I consider the major challenges facing the prison service over the next 5 years, are preventing the introduction of drugs into prisons and managing prisoners with drug problems. Drug finds in prison doubled over the last 5 years, i. e. approximately 6 drugs finds per day in Scottish Prisons. 69% of the prison population report drug use compared to 8% in the community. Research has identified defined routes into prison. The main routes being visits, mail, prisoners on admission, over the wall, prison staff and concealed in clothing sent in.These routes are organised and concealed by individuals using illicit mobile phones, which are free from monitoring and provide real time direction. The prison service has the difficult task of allowing prisoners’ access to their families in decent humane surroundings, whilst at the same time preventing the introduction of drugs into the prison. Some prisoners` apply pressure on their friends and family to introduce drugs at visits; this may be done reluctantly and has serious consequences for the drug mule if he or she is caught.Basic tools such as observation, intelligence, CCTV out with the visit area and x-ray equipment can disrupt this practice, however, is not wholly effective. Items concealed in mail and include clothing sent in through the postal service, are well known to prison staff who routinely x-ray all items. This practice is risky for the small amount of drugs that can be concealed in these items. The searching constraints on prisoners on reception from court who have drugs concealed in body orifices is a difficult practice to tackle and can involve sizeable amounts of drugs being brought in through this route.Packages thrown over prison walls during exercise periods have become a profitable route of introduction. Prison staffs are advised not to intervene during this highly populated and sensitive period, but to monitor and deal with the recipients after the event; this allows the package to be secreted before intervention. Corrupt prison staff, for a variety of reasons i. e. debt, pressure or blackmail, introduce drugs, money mobile phones etc into the prisons. This relatively safe route is extremely problematic as the quantities involved are dependent on the reasons, nerve and desire of the corrupt staff member.For those participating in drug use in prison, there is a financial and health cost. Limited supply and high demand result in inflated prices. The debt incurred is paid for through a variety of means i. e. through canteen purchases, payments from families outside, selling or trading their own belongings or trading services i. e. inflicting violence on a nominated individual or acting as a drug runner, collecting debts or distributing drugs. The health costs are those associated with drug use i. e. lood-borne viruses from sharing equipment, anxiety, depression, paranoia, weight loss and malnutrition. Reducing drug introduction and managing drug users, are different sides o f the same coin and cannot work in isolation. These drug markets are associated with violence and intimidation, continued drug use in prison will increase the chances of dependent drug use when released. It is generally regarded that the take-up of treatment services in prison is correlated to the availability of drugs within the area.Increased security measures without adequate drug treatment programmes could be problematic. A robust clinical person centred detoxification scheme coupled with investment in a Counselling, Assessment, Referral, Advice and Throughcare service (CARAT) have shown to have a positive impact in drug use reduction. Drug free blocks, coupled with voluntary drug testing, have also shown to significantly reduce drug use amongst the population. Enhanced regimes which include employment and greater privileges have also proven successful.My recommendations to reduce the introduction of drugs into prisons and to manage prisoners with drug problems are as follows; * Nominate a Drug Strategy co-ordinator whose key role is to give equal weight to drug treatment and supply reduction measures within the establishment. * Have dedicated Drug Supply Reduction Teams. Motivated teams produce better results than less interested teams. * Improved liaison with local police, important for tackling all routes of external supply and should be included in the local prison drug strategy. Established prisons should move the prisoners to exercise areas away from prison walls. New builds should be designed to protect the exercise yard away from prison walls. * Security in and around the visit areas should be enhanced by the use of passive drug dogs, on site CCTV and trained motivated dedicated Drug Supply Reduction Teams. * Literature for visitors and prisoners on the impact, consequences and penalties of drug use and supply should be displayed and available for perusal. Passive drug dogs should be used in the searching of prisoner’s property, mail and acc ommodation area as a matter of course. * Cultivate a greater awareness amongst staff of the use and importance of intelligence reporting and feeding this into the National Intelligence Model. * Where possible block mobile phone signals, however the use of the Body Orifice Scanner System (BOSS) Chair should be used in all searches to detect plastic and metal. Identification and tracking of vulnerable staff should be addressed by the Drug Strategy Co-ordinator in collaboration with local police. * All prisons should have a person centred clinical detoxification scheme with recognition of the potential for misdirection and misuse of prescribed intervention. * Follow up and aftercare is as important as pharmaceutical detoxification, CARAT services with investment in staff is crucial to the effectiveness of work undertaken. Links and referral to Throughcare Addiction Services (TAS) will ensure continuity of treatment and care on release. Voluntary Testing Programmes provide support and i ncentives for drug users to remain drug free, resources should be allocated to continue the service. With skilful co-ordinated intervention, the reduction in drugs being introduced into prison will result in an increase in drug users seeking intervention. The challenge is to constantly review and adapt strategies to block new routes of introduction and to offer alternatives and support to those who wish to remain drug free.

Paper Bag Records and Sweet Potato Pie

Sweet Potato Pie Eugenia Collier From up here on the fourteenth floor, my brother Charley looks like an insect scurrying among other insects. A deep feeling of love surges through me. Despite the distance, he seems to feel it, for he turns and scans the upper windows, but failing to find me, continues on his way. I watch him moving quickly†gingerly, it seems to me† down Fifth Avenue and around the corner to his shabby taxicab. In a moment he will be heading back uptown. I turn from the window and flop down on the bed, shoes and all.Perhaps because of what happened this afternoon or maybe Just because I see Charley so seldom, my houghts hover over him like hummingbirds. The cheerful, impersonal tidiness of this room is a world away from Charleys walk-up flat in Harlem and a hundred worlds from the bare, noisy shanty where he and the rest of us spent what there was of our childhood. I close my eyes and side by side I see the Charley of my boyhood and the Charley of this aft ernoon, as clearly as if I were looking at a split TV screen. Another surge of love, seasoned with gratitude, wells up in me.As far as I know, Charley never had any childhood at all. The oldest children of sharecroppers never do. Mama and Pa were shadowy figures whose voices I heard aguely in the morning when sleep was shallow and whom I glimpsed as they left for the field before I was fully awake or as they trudged wearily into the house at night when my lids were irresistibly heavy. They came into sharp focus only on special occasions. One such occasion was the day when the crops were in and the sharecroppers were paid. In our cabin there was so much excitement in the air that even l, the â€Å"baby' responded to it.For weeks we had been running out of things that we could neither grow nor get on credit. On the evening of that day we waited anxiously for our parents' return. Then we would luster around the rough wooden table†I on Lil's lap or clinging to Charleys neck, litt le Alberta nervously tugging her plait, Jamie crouched at Mama's elbow, like a panther about to spring, and all seven of us silent for once, waiting. Pa would place the money on the table†gently, for it was made from the sweat of their bodies and from the children's tears.Mama would count it out in little piles, her dark face stern and, I think now, beautiful. Not with the hollow beauty of well-modeled features but with the strong radiance of one who has suffered and never yielded. â€Å"This tor the store bill,† sne would mutter, making a I p e. â€Å"This tor c'llection. T for a piece dgingham†¦ † and so on, stretching the money as tight over our collective needs as Jamie's outgrown pants were stretched over my bottom. â€Å"Well, that's the crop. † She would look up at Pa at last. â€Å"It'll do. † Pa's face would relax, and a general grin flitted from child to child.We would survive, at least for the present. The other time when my parents were solid entities was at church. On Sundays we would don our threadbare Sunday-go-to-meeting clothes and tramp, along with neighbors similarly attired, to the Tabernacle Baptist Church, the frail edifice of bare oards held together by God knows what, which was all that my parents ever knew of security and future promise. Being the youngest and therefore the most likely to err, I was plopped between my father and my mother on the long wooden bench.They sat huge and eternal like twin mountains at my sides. I remember my father's still, black profile silhouetted against the sunny window, looking back into dark recesses of time, into some dim antiquity, like an ancient ceremonial mask. My mother's face, usually sternly set, changed with the varying nuances of her emotion, its planes shifting, shaped by the soft highlights f the sanctuary, as she progressed from the subdued â€Å"amen† to a loud â€Å"Help me, Jesus† wrung from the depths of her gaunt frame. My early memo ries of my parents are associated with special occasions.The contours of my everyday were shaped by Lil and Charley, the oldest children, who rode herd on the rest of us while Pa and Mama toiled in fields not their own. Not until years later did I realize that Lil and Charley were little more than children themselves. Lil had the loudest, screechiest voice in the county. When she yelled, â€Å"Boy, you better git yourself in here! † you got yourself in there. It was Lil who caught and bathed us, Lil who fed us and sent us to school, Lil who punished us when we needed punishing and comforted us when we needed comforting. If her voice was loud, so was her laughter.When she laughed, everybody laughed. And when Lil sang, everybody listened. Charley was taller than anybody in the world, including, I was certain, God. From his shoulders, where I spent considerable time in the earliest years, the world had a different perspective: I looked down on the heads rather than at the unders ides of chins. As I grew older, Charley became more father than brother. Those days return n fragments of splintered memory: Charleys slender dark hands whittling a toy from a chunk of wood, his face thin and intense, brown as the loaves Lil baked when there was flour.Charleys quick fingers guiding a stick of charred kindling over a bit of scrap paper, making a wondrous picture take shape†Jamie's face or Alberta's rag doll or the spare fgure of our bony brown dog. Charleys voice low and terrible in the dark, telling ghost stories so delightfully dreadful that later in the night the moan of the wind through the chinks in the wall sent us scurrying to the security of Charleys pallet, Charleys sleeping form. Some memories are more than tragmentary. I can still teel the whap ot the wet disn rag across my mouth. Somehow I developed a stutter, which Charley was determined to cure.Someone had told him that an effective cure was to slap the stuttered across the mouth with a sopping we t dish rag. Thereafter whenever I began, â€Å"Let's g -g-g- -,† whap! From nowhere would come the ubiquitous rag. Charley would always insist, â€Å"l don't want to hurt you none, Buddy†Ã¢â‚¬  and whap again. I don't know when or why I stopped stuttering. But I stopped. Already laid waste by poverty, we were easy prey for ignorance and superstition, hich hunted us like hawks. We sought education feverishly†and, for most of us, futilely, for the sum total of our combined energies was required for mere brute survival.

Porters Strategy and the internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Porters Strategy and the internet - Essay Example Economic value is important because it influences consumer decision to buy a product even above its production cost. Secondly, potential profitability is higher if a company sets itself apart from other businesses as much as possible from the benefits it offers, to the conduct of its business and to the necessary trade-offs it decides to make. A company’s ability to set itself apart from the rest in the market is also reflected in the way it makes and adopts business choices and practices that are integrated into and interdependent with the rest of the system making itself virtually difficult to duplicate. All of the above, however, is only feasible if the company adopts and maintains a continuity of direction repudiating if need be, emerging business practices that tend to veer it away from its established reputation and practices. 2.0Criticisms of the Strategic Positioning View There are several perspectives that conflict with the strategic positioning view of Porter. Barney (1991), for example, although essentially echoing Porter’s six-point formula for strategic positioning especially with respect to good value, uniqueness and inimitability, leans towards resource-based perspective rather than the market-based perspective of Porter (1996) (1991 p 106). On the other hand, Prahalad (1990) subscribes to the idea that a company that can easily adapt itself to the changing market boundaries by an ability to invent or enter new markets or swing customer choices has the more competitive edge.... A company’s ability to set itself apart from the rest in the market is also reflected in the way it makes and adopts business choices and practices that are integrated into and interdependent with the rest of the system making itself virtually difficult to duplicate. All of the above, however, are only feasible if the company adopts and maintains a continuity of direction repudiating, if need be, emerging business practices that tend to veer it away from its established reputation and practices (Porter 2001 63-78; Porter 1996 61-78). 2.0 Criticisms of the Strategic Positioning View There are several perspectives that conflict with the strategic positioning view of Porter. Barney (1991), for example, although essentially echoing Porter’s six-point formula for strategic positioning especially with respect to good value, uniqueness and inimitability, leans towards resource-based perspective rather than the market-based perspective of Porter (1996) (1991 p 106). On the othe r hand, Prahalad (1990) subscribes to the idea that a company that can easily adapt itself to the changing market boundaries by an ability to invent or enter new markets or swing customer choices has more competitive edge. This dynamism essentially conflicts with Porter’s advocacy for strategic continuity to preserve firm identity and reputation. For Prahalad, core competencies or a firm’s collective learning is the heart of a company’s competitive advantage as opposed to Porter’s strategic positioning. Pitt (2001) likewise believes that changes that are now taking place are too fast and the best thing that companies can do is not to rely only on tangible assets but more on intangible assets such as

Friendship (also loneliness and shyness) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Friendship (also loneliness and shyness) - Essay Example I have been able to assess the fact that a person comes across different friends in his life and that it is with time and maturity a person acquires mental compatibility with a friend. When I was in elementary school, I had friends in my class. The basic aim of friendship at that level of my life was basically to go to school and play with my friends during breaks. Friends were there to spend time with during lunch time and to discuss the different cartoons that we watched. We used to eat our lunch together and this was the level of enjoyment at that age. With time things change and the meaning of friendship changed in high school. I had a lot of friends but there was a group of very close friends. The meaning of friendship had matured and it was no more restricted to eating lunch together or playing games. It had rather acquired a broader perspective. Friends were there during difficult times. I could now discuss and share my problems with my friends and seek for their advice and as sistance in the matters where they could be of help. The same implied to them as they could also come and discuss the issues that they had. We had similar opinions and thoughts on a lot of matters but there were discussions and arguments on issues where we differed in our stands. This clearly implied the fact that we had a lot of similarities but we had our own opinions and thoughts and hence we did differ in our personalities from one another. Loneliness A good social circle and friends are very important for a person. If a person does not have a good social life, he tends to become lonely. The reduction in the number of friends is also associated with less people to interact with. At the same time, it also means that a person has less people of his age group to discuss his problems with. A lower level of social interaction can prove to lay a long lasting effect on a person’s personality. My cousin who is only 14 years old has problems in interacting with people. He does not have many friends and this can be counted as one of the reasons why he does not like going to school. This was not the case when he was in primary school. He was a bright kid and he loved to engage in play activities. His teachers would always praise him and they suggested that he should apply for moving a grade ahead owing to his increased capabilities than the children of his age. His annual reports always made his parents proud and they used to discuss his future options. Things changed when he entered high school as this school was in another state. His family had to move from the state where he completed his primary education. He became lonely in this new atmosphere. He did not have friends as all the children had their own circle of friends by then. He was lonely and he totally changed from what he actually was. My cousin could not cope up with this loneliness. He stopped interacting with his family as well and became a very quiet child. He was not as active as he used to be when he was a child. This was followed by the fact that his grades dropped in school. He had to get enrolled in summer classes but that did not help much. He did not like going to school. I have now analyzed the fact that the problem behind all his problems is basically his loneliness. The fact that he could not interact with children of his ag

Online courses and traditional courses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Online courses and traditional courses - Essay Example Ideally, there are various online educational methods, which are relevantly effective to well-organized, mature, motivated, and self-disciplined students with perfect time management skills. This is an argumentative essay on online courses and traditional courses. Body Merits and Demerits of Traditional Courses The traditional courses have various merits that include the presence of networking opportunities. Indeed, as students meet face-to-face, they develop contacts that will lead to more networking opportunities. Moreover, students in traditional universities have the opportunity of using the campus facilities that may include libraries, stadiums, gyms, student’s unions that work to the benefit of the student. In addition, this form of education creates a discovery experience where international students mature, embrace diversity, and grow socially. Most, assuredly, the direct interaction with lecturers and fellow students ensures that the student gets quality education thr ough discussions and availability of instructions (Sorrentino, 2011). Furthermore, traditional education compels students to abide with the set rules and regulations as well as following timetables. This has long-term benefits where such students become organized, law-abiding citizens, and creates a rational society. However, there are many demerits attached to traditional a course that makes one to reconsider the idea of enrolling in traditional university. For instance, traditional courses are very expensive as compared to online courses. Indeed, traditional course will require a student to pay tuition fees and other additional fees that may include transport fees, accommodation fees, costs for food, and recreational fees. As such, for poor families, affording quality traditional education becomes a huge challenge especially where there are no government subsidies or social welfare assistance. Indeed, there is a high likelihood of schooling abandonment due to lack of fees to tradi tional courses. At the same time, traditional courses are so stationary and immobile since students follow a set program, assessment measures, set timetables, and set rules and regulations that are not flexible (Sorrentino, 2011). This inflexibility sometimes annoys and stresses students leading to poor performance and school abandonment. As such, this may lead to serious scheduling challenges where students must travel and attend classes despite transport problems or commitments to other activities. Indeed, for students pursuing higher education and working at the same time, traditional courses may limit their success. Additionally, the immobility requires all resources and activities to congest in one room. At the same time, traditional courses may bear aspects of limited personal attention especially where colleges and universities admit so many students in one program. This leads to poor quality of education as the lecturer-student interaction becomes ineffective. With this, we can argue that traditional courses are not entirely effective. Indeed, if we consider the merits of online courses, we would seemingly prefer the latter. Effectiveness of Online courses Actually, there is rampant growth of online enrollment in the modern education system. This resulted from the global recession that led to poor economic status leading to inability to further education in traditional courses. In addition, the growth in technology and flexibility of

African American philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

African American philosophy - Essay Example Philosophy is a detailed system of ideas about human beings and the nature of the human existence and truth.Actually it is a complete guide for living. It deals in issues which are fundamental and consider the steps we take in life for progress. It also deals with our attitude and treatment of other people. The main branches of Philosophy are: Metaphysics, which deals with reality, Epistemology, which deals with knowledge, Ethics, which considers moral values, Politics, which accounts for legal rights and governments, and Aesthetics, which looks in to nature of art.While we start to think of African American Philosophy, the first point going to pop up is the attitude of the citizens in developed countries towards the men in Africa. When compared citizens of United States and Africa, we understand that the Blacks are considered to be second-class citizens in the United States. In fact they are not considered human beings at all. In the past, they were treated as slaves. They were made to work day and night, beaten with sticks and transported along with asses and horses. They were not given proper food. When they were sick, they were not given medical treatment. They lived miserably. They had no hope of future. Things have not changed much, according to Charles Mills. At least a section of the U.S. citizens still see the Africans as somebody who maintains lower standards of life. Even though slavery has been abolished that sort of mindset still continues.Law was enacted to strengthen the concept that Blacks are sub-persons. The pity is that not even an apology was given by the authorities for the misdeeds and torture towards the Blacks for centuries. In fact, many Americans feel that it is time to stop the little benefits given to the Blacks and to cancel the measures which objected to ill treatment of the Afro-Americans. They think that enough is enough and it is time to stop the concessions. They fear that it would amount to create discrimination against Whites . When we approach the problem from the side of African citizens, it is clear that an inferiority complex remains in their brains and minds. They themselves keep the wrong feeling that Blacks are second-class citizens. They have no hope of a happy future. They still live in poverty. The wages are comparatively much lower. Job opportunities also remain lesser. They are not likely to get good education or medical treatment. Just through an example, the consideration being given to Whites and Blacks could be compared. For the same crime the Blacks black may be sent to jail, whereas the Whites may be let free. In every respect the Blacks are treated harsh. In other words, their condition has not improved at all even before law. In fact, it has deteriorated, feels Charles Mills. Time has changed. But not much has changed for the Blacks. Their problems have not been addressed seriously. It has been wrongly said that the Blacks are not taking enough interest in the country, nor in their future and that they do not bother to be a part of the society. It is said that they do not try to come out of the negative situation they are in and for that they only need to be blamed. That is not a valid statement. It is nothing more than an excuse. It is absurd to think that they want to remain where they are. Do not forget, the part they played in nation building. Many numbers of roads, buildings and similar structures are there because of the manpower and work skills of the Blacks. It is silly to think that they are lazy. The Blacks think that they are not given justice. They only want their genuine rights. They are not expecting charity. They want the discrimination is buried for ever. The country belongs to them as much as it is for the Whites. The issues which have put them down should be modified to uplift them. But for the sweat of the blacks, The United States of America would have been nowhere. They have done enough to convert the country into a large nation. They have done much more than the Whites. They must be allowed to reap the harvest now.

Management and Leadership Analysis for TESCO Company Essay

Management and Leadership Analysis for TESCO Company - Essay Example But in terms of foreign establishment, it is recommended that TESCO should apply Behavioral Leadership approach along with its Task Performance and Maintenance Performance categories. Democratic style of leadership is recommended in general conditions but to counter the high internal and external threat, autocratic leadership style would beneficial to TESCO. TESCO plc is a UK based international grocery and general products retail chain. With respect to worldwide sales and UK market share, Tesco is the largest British retailer that currently has profit greater than 03 billion pounds while at the same time it is 3rd largest global retailer based on revenue, after United State’s Wal-Mart and France’s Carrefour. Presently TESCO is operating 923 grocery stores and approximately 240,000 workers. During the last decade, the company has expanded its network to new UK supermarkets in new territories. Moreover, from 1994 to 2004, the company had launched its operations in 12 international markets including Central Europe and Asian markets. TESCO’s internationalization has direct repercussions on its operational management. It includes a variety of planning, retail designing and process, operational management and controlling, stock management, and human resource management. Several internal and external factors have created serious implications for TESCO during recent years. Along with other UK and US markets, TESCO has also been affected by the global recession and has economic concerns through the credit crunch. Rising prices of raw material used for food and non-food products has created an overall negative impact on profit margins. As far as market competitors are concerned, United State’s Wal-Mart is a persisting threat for TESCO that may take over the market with respect to profit and share.

Increae productivity and safety at night shift Research Paper

Increae productivity and safety at night shift - Research Paper Example Running head: INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND SAFETY AT NIGHT SHIFT Increase productivity and safety at night shift [Name] [Course] [Professor’s name] [Date Contents Page No Abstract Acknowledgement 1. Introduction 12-14 2. Literature review 14-21 3. Methodology 21-25 4. Result 25- 54 5. Discussion 54-60 6. ... iew on general first aid 41 Figure:-32- Male worker’ view on night arrangement of first aid 42 Figure:-33- Female worker’ view on night arrangement Of first aid 42 Figure:-34-Medical interventions in emergencies 43 Figure:-35- percentage male (>2yrs) regarding Job security 44 Figure: 36- percentage female (>2yrs) regarding Job security 44 Figure: 37- percentage male (2yrs) workers 47 Figure: 42- Monthly remuneration of male (2yrs) satisfied with Remuneration 49 Figure: 47- percentage Male workers (2yrs) witnessing Job deprivation 51 Figure: 52- percentage male workers (

United States farm subsidies and how they are ruining our quality of Essay

United States farm subsidies and how they are ruining our quality of food - Essay Example United States farm subsidies and how they are ruining our quality of food A lot of processing is involved in the transformation of a corn bushel into foods that look different and taste different despite being fundamentally derived from corn. The processing considerably lowers the nutritional significance of our diet. Fats food is one such corn-based food that is highly processed. People that make fast food a regular part of their diet not only become overweight but also experience malnourishment. They are deprived of the essential nutrients and micronutrients placed by nature in fresh fruits and vegetables. Every year, doctors encounter hundreds of cases of overweight children with rickets. Massive consumption of corn requires massive production of corn. Cultivation of corn causes a lot of harm to the environment. Farmers consider corn a greedy crop that needs much more nitrogen fertilizer than what is required by any other kind of crop. It is the very nitrogen fed to the corn fields that has run off with water and flown into the Gulf of Mexico to develop a dead zone therein which has now become as big as New Jersey. Corn plant also needs increased supply of pesticides which are also dangerous for the environment. Apart from the obvious demerits of feeding the livestock corn, a potential unethical issue is that the animals are forced to feed on corn, without I being their real diet. Many animals thus need to be given antibiotics whose effects can be noticed in form of the changed quality of the milk produced by them as well as a change in the taste of their flesh when they are slaughtered. Explaining the reason of writing the book The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Pollan said that as he traveled across US, he was astonished to learn about the eating habits of people of US as well as their curiosity to know how to change their eating habits for the better. This led Pollan to indulge in a comprehensive research regarding food and health. While conducting the literature review and collecting the primary and secondary data, Pollan found th at scientists in US did not have much to teach about healthful eating, thus making the science of food a fairly primitive science in US. †¦there is a much more reliable source of wisdom on the subject. That wisdom is in the form of traditional foods, cuisines, and food cultures, which are the product of hundreds, if not thousands, of years of trial and error figuring out how to keep people healthy using whatever grows in a specific place. Culture has more to teach us about how to eat well than science. (Pollan cited in Penguin Group USA). His research led Pollan to developing the view that America is suffering from a national eating disorder. In his book The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Pollan has expressed that the start of this national eating disorder can be traced back to the early 1990s. That was the time when people were attracted in crowds by Dr. John Harvey Kellogg towards the sanitarium constructed at Battle Creek in the US state of Michigan. Inmates of the sanitarium su fficiently endured all-grade foods which raised the number of competitors for Kellogg. Owing to the immense subsidization of corn by the US government, corn has become the fundamental ingredient of the people of US and animals alike. 75 per cent on average carbon consumed by Americans in the present age is derived from corn. The primary reason why corn became the king of the US food industry was the fact that it could always be grown as rapidly as desired with the use of

EFFICACY OF WILDLIFE REHABILITATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION A DETAILED Thesis

EFFICACY OF WILDLIFE REHABILITATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION A DETAILED REVIEW OF LEES-MCRAE COLLEGE WILDLIFE REHABILITATION CONCENTRATION - Thesis Example collected from students, faculty and staff in the spring and fall of 2010 to explore the background factors of individuals enrolling in the program, the use of experiential learning in the classroom, and program outcomes, particularly in the area of critical thinking and problem solving. Recognizing that the planet and its life forms have an inherent worth, and that we have a responsibility to treat the earth and its processes with respect, the Blue Ridge Wildlife Institute (BRWI) is dedicated to the stewardship of the Earth through environmental education, and rehabilitation of sick, injured and orphaned native North American wildlife. (BRWI, 1996) Wildlife rehabilitation and the use of wildlife in educational programming in a college setting is a relatively new concept and can be a life-changing experience for learners who work with injured and orphaned animals. Although there is extensive research involving the human and animal relationship (Nimmo, 2012) there are no other studies, on the educational outcomes of wildlife rehabilitation programs in higher education. The Blue Ridge Wildlife Institute (BRWI) at Lees-McRae College, in Banner Elk, North Carolina provides medical and rehabilitative services for sick, injured, and orphaned native wildlife and admits between 900-1000 patients annually. In addition, BRWI serves as an educational entity, providing outreach wildlife programs throughout the western North Carolina region.   It is the setting for biology students to acquire knowledge and experience in wildlife rehabilitation and the use of trained, non-releasable wildlife to partner with in education.   While there are wildlife rehabilitation centers attached to veterinary schools at, for example, Tufts University, University of Minnesota, and University of California Davis, there are no undergraduate colleges that house an on-campus wildlife rehabilitation center and offer a major in wildlife rehabilitation. As such, the Lees-McRae College program can

Jargon Usage in Intervention Essay Example for Free

Jargon Usage in Intervention Essay The independent variables in the study are the intervention description (jargon vs. no jargon) and group (teachers vs. undergraduate), while the dependent variable was their scores in the Treatment Evaluation Inventory (TEI; Kazdin, 1980a). The case used in this study was about a boy named Michael who has a habit of leaning back in his chair and unfortunately experience hurting himself due to accidental falling for several times The subject of this study took the test in their respective classes. The researcher explains to them briefly the objective of the research. The test kits were distributed to them, they read the direction and completed a profile sheet; TEI was used to rate the intervention. The test takes 15 minutes to finish. The scores of the test were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t test. Based on the result, there were significant differences between the teachers and students’ overall acceptability rating. The teachers rated the jargon description of time-out as significantly more acceptable than the no jargon description, while the result of the test of the undergraduates revealed that there were no significant differences between the jargons versus the no jargon intervention description The result of this result thus contradicted some of the former researchers. Some of them were as follows: 1. Significant higher ratings of teachers for the jargon versus non jargon. It was mentioned in the review some former researchers from Hall Didier, Kazdin and Cole, and Watt et. al. (as cited in Hyatt, Tingstrom Edwards, 1991) regarding the difficulty and negative influence encountered by third party (parents, teachers and ward personnel) in using jargon intervention description. Outcome of this research was reverse because the teachers favor more using jargons and it has positive influence on them. 2. No difference in judgment between low experienced teachers and high experience teachers. The difference between the result of the test and the research of Witt and company (as cited in Hyatt, Tingstrom Edwards, 1991) and the researcher said that this maybe due to the difference in the method they use in treating the variables understudy. Other result of the test revealed that: 3. For undergraduates on this study – they have found out that jargon versus no jargon description in intevention is not an issue for the undergraduates. It doe not matter to them whether which of the two approach is use in the intervention description. The acceptability ratings also revealed that both upperclassmen and underclassmen favored both intervention descriptions. It also revealed that they respect the intervention description whether it uses technical or non-technical language and the outcome of the intevention is still the same for their opinion. The researchers of these study pointed out that their research has its limitations that might one way or the other affect the result of the test and they were as follows: 1. Generalizability to classroom interventions other that time-out (Hyatt, Tingstrom Edwards, 1991) 2. Jargons other than behavioral (Hyatt, Tingstrom Edwards, 1991) 3. Teachers not seeking additional educational past the bachelor’s degree. (Hyatt, Tingstrom Edwards, 1991) 4. Relative Effect of jargons versus other variables like teachers time expenditure, theoretical orientation and intervention agent on intervention acceptance (Hyatt, Tingstrom Edwards, 1991) The researchers recommended further additional studies to support this study. The use of variables is recommended a. Regular and special education teachers in school setting b. Jargon’s influence on acceptability to a behavioral assessment c. Design, evaluation and acceptance of behavioral intervention for Children. References Hall, C. W. , Didier E. (1987) Acceptability and Behavioral Treatment: Review of Variables that influence treatment selection. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. In Hyatt, S. P, Tingstrom, D. H, and Edwards, R (1991) Jargon Usage in Intervention During Consultation: Demonstration of a Facilitative Effect. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation. 2(1) 49-56

Microsoft Versus Apple Compare And Contrast Computer Science Essay

Microsoft Versus Apple Compare And Contrast Computer Science Essay Business strategy is a direction, vision and objectives in terms of projects, in order to configure the total recourses that invest into the projects base on the markets needs and challenging of other competitors. After all, a scorecard will be use to evaluate the overall performance and the next step can be draw out base on the evaluation. The evaluation is about the suitability, feasibility and finally acceptability. Different company may have same or different policies on a same situation depends which way they comfort with. In this paper, Microsoft and Apple business strategy will be compare and contrast. Innovation is a radical or revolutionary change on doing an ordinary thing and makes it think out of the box. The process include from invention to application. Innovation can be value added if the invention is successful since the revenue and the stock market price of certain company will be increase significantly due to the uniqueness of the products. But the innovation also bare the risk of lost, this in because in the RD process, a lot capital been invested and may not produce the return so fast or even not at all if the innovation is failed. This paper include how innovative Apple and Microsoft is and how the technology invented by them help to push the world into the next level. 1.2 Purposes/ Objectives The first objective of this paper is to study about the business strategy between the Microsoft and Apple. The second is to study about the innovation of both company and their contributions to the technology world. As an engineer, one must be able to catch up the technology trends, make their own judgment about the incident and be innovative enough to foresee the future of the technology world. By studying history of companies, one can learn how others success and the lessons from others fails. 1.3 Scope The sample population of our research was 100 students from Multimedia University Cyberjaya. These 100 students were come from different faculty which included students from Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Faculty of Management, Faculty of Creative Multimedia and last but not least FOSEE. 1.4 Methods Sources Two methods are used to complete this research. The primary data are collected through the questionnaire and the online researches. A thorough comparison and categorization will be performed in the second phase research. The second phase research result will be used to provide sufficient empirical evidence and to ground truth our findings from the preliminary research. The questionnaire is as per attached in the appendices. 2.0 Literature Review Apple Background Apple Inc. is a multinational corporation which based in Cupertino, California. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak in 1st of April 1976. By Apple to shifted itself from the computer industry to the information technology industry the coverage of business become wider, it includes computers and mobile hardware (desktop and laptop personal computers, servers, iPhone, iPod), software (Mac OS X, iLife, iWork suits) and further to the online services (Mobile me services). For more than 34 years, Apple experienced from the rise to the golden age then fall back to serious lose and climb back to the current worlds leading technology company status. For the Apple community the most important, most powerful person ever is the current CEO which is the co founder Steve Jobs. He founded the company in 1976 and get fired by the CEO that hired by him in 1985, then he back on 1997 after the acquisition of NeXT Computer which is the new company that founded by Steve been layoff by Apple. In 1997 after Steve become the interim CEO of Apple, Michael Dell founder of Dell Computers said that What would I do? I would shut the company down and then give back the money to the shareholders, in front of the crowd of several thousand IT executives.[1] After more than ten years which is now, Apple worth more than 4 times of the Dells market value.[2][3] It is not difficult to spot whether Steve Jobs in Apple campus, just look for the handicapped space in front of the Apple campus entrance. Because it is usually for him to park at there and sometime occupied both handicapped car lot. If describe the Apple as big ship, the Steve will be an erratic and temperamental captain. But this captain is capable to foresee and fulfill what the end users wishes and setting the trend in innovation and style. Moreover, Steve Jobs been award as most valuable CEO by Barrons, The Wall Street Journal and CEO of the Decade by Fortune magazine.[4][5] Microsoft Background Microsoft Corporation is a multinational computer technology corporation that develops wide range of software products, gamming hardware products, online services etc. But Microsoft main business and most profitable products are selling the software products such as operating system, office suits. In 1975, Microsoft was founded by two founders which is Bill Gates and Paul Allen, and for now headquarter is locate at Washington. Microsoft was developed and sold the Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC) interpreters for the Altair 8800 computer when it was founded. Then continue with The AppleSoft Complier (TASC) which compiles the BASIC written program to Apple machine language. By award the contract by IBM to Microsoft for the operating system in IBM upcoming PC, it yields the first real success for Microsoft is by delivering the Disc Operating System (DOS). Then Microsoft continues to release the new operating system which named as Windows operating system that equi pped with the graphical user interface (GUI). From Windows 1.0 to the latest Windows 7 or Windows server 2008, Microsoft rose of small player to the giant in the software industry. Microsoft provides wide range of software to support the hardware products. Before January 2000 the chief operating officer for Microsoft is Bill Gates, but after Bill Gates stepped down and become the non executive chairman, he gradually transfer his duties to Steve Ballmer, an executive that joined Microsoft on 1980. Beside the operating system Microsoft also create the business software, gaming hardware such as XBOX, gamming software such as Flight Simulator 2000 and other popular games for both PC and XBOX. Microsoft also participates in the search engine, BING and provides other online services such as Windows Live. To compete with iPod, Microsoft released their own portable media player named as Zune which offer more choices to consumers. 3.0 Methods, Materials Process 3.1 Participants Our entire research is based on the students from MMU Cyberjaya. The objective of survey is to collect opinion of students in MMU Cyberjaya toward business strategy and innovation of Microsoft and Apple. As such, our main criteria lie on the Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Faculty of Information Technology (FIT), Faculty of Management (FOM), Centre For Foundation Studies and Extension Education (FOSEE) and Faculty of Creative Multimedia (FCM). All of the students from the research sample are chosen randomly regardless of their age and sex. We targeted a research sample of 100 students. 3.2 Materials We started our research by using the questionnaire. The questionnaire fundamentally consists of close ended and open ended questions. Each of the questions is specially designed in correspondence with the objective of the research, which is to determine the image of both the company in students mind. The questionnaire is attached on Appendix A. 3.3 Process There are 5 members in our group. The different tasks on the questionnaire design and distributions have been divided evenly among the group members. Our research samples are the 100 students from every faculty. Our friends from every faculty assist us in distributing the questionnaire. Besides that, we also perform the online survey and send the link through social network such as msn, email or facebook. Every question may require more than one answer, which are the answers that come to their mind. 4.0 Survey Results: Which company does you heard before? In the statistic, it shows that all heard about both companies before. Which product from Microsoft that you have used before? As show in bar chart above, Windows and Office suite dominates the market, as the Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player bundle with the Windows operating system, so both of it also have 100% of usage. Windows Mobile is just for the one who own the smart phone that use Windows Mobile as operating system which as low as 40%. The less among all is Microsoft hardware, which includes keyboard, mouse, webcam etc. Which product you think represents Microsoft the most? Pie chart above shows that when people talk about Microsoft, the image or product that relate to the company is Windows. Which product from Apple that you have used before? Most of the people have used iPod and iPhone before compare to the other Apple products. This is because of the pricy of the Mac computers even the entry level product compare to other others. Which product you think represents Apple the most? Pie chart above shows that when people talk about Apple, the image or product that relate to the company is mostly iPhone and iPod. Which company do you think is more innovative? Peoples think that Apple is more innovative compare to Microsoft maybe due to the image that Apple keep refresh its products line and keep introduce new products. Which company image is more mysterious or secretive? From statistic, Apple image is more secretive compare to Microsoft. This is probably due to Apple wont announce current or ongoing projects compare to Microsoft makes public about what its current ongoing. Which sector do you think Microsoft monopoly? Microsoft monopoly the software market in the PC industry due to its operating system can operate in any hardware combinations. Which sector do you think Apple monopoly? Apple monopoly in digital music sector and mobile sector, many iPod and iPhone can be found easily on the street as the handheld device of many users. Usually where you get the information or news for the products? Compare both of the pie chart above, most of the people get the information of Microsoft from email promotions and social media, but for Apple, Email promotions and social media tactics less likely to be use with. 5.0 Discussions: 5.1 Compare and Contrast of Business Strategies 5.1.1 Secrecy As show in graph above the different between Apple and Microsoft business strategy is its secrecy level. Nowadays the social networking platforms such as blog, facebook, twitter, etc are very famous around the world. There are companies that use these platforms to communicate with their fans, potential customers, costumers, sharing about the new business strategy, new technology, new upcoming products or get the direct respond from the public. Such as Microsoft, there are different official blog for different department, such as IEBlog or Server Team Blog. But there is also the official Microsoft Blog for the executives or employees to deliver the news and the perspective from Microsoft. Besides that, the Microsoft team uses their blog to respond to the current related topics or what happenings in the industrial, such as Microsoft Cooperate Vice President reply the criticism of the former employee by the title Measuring Our Work by Its Broad Impact through the blog. [6] But this kind of the culture is banned in Apple. In Apple, no employees are allowed to share to public any tidbits about what are they currently doing. There are also no official blog for Apple. The only Apple have is their official website to provides the details to the public. Moreover, Apple has been known to spread wrong information to their workers. According to a former employee mention that Philip Schiller, senior vice president for worldwide product marketing, provided incorrect information about a products price or features about new products in internal meetings. By using the incorrect details, Apple then tries to track down the source of leak. For those employee that leak or accidently leak the information, they will be fired. [7] Even Apple employees have no idea what are they currently working at. They just finish the task that assigned. The engineers that deal with the hardware part and the software part are separate in different buildings in order to prevent for them to know what is the whole project was. So for Apple employees they are as surprised as public about the new product launch or products update. Basically Apple secrecy reaches paranoia. A former Apple marketing manager describe as below Employees working on top-secret projects must pass through a maze of security doors, swiping their badges again and again and finally entering a numeric code to reach their offices, according to one former employee who worked in such areas. Work spaces are typically monitored by security cameras, this employee said. Some Apple workers in the most critical product-testing rooms must cover up devices with black cloaks when they are working on them, and turn on a red warning light when devices are unmasked so that everyone knows to be extra-careful. [7] Beside the unannounced new products, this rule also applies for the announced. Such as for new iPad that just launch and will be available in Apple Store on 3rd of April, but even few days before launch, Apple Store employees form concierge to manager havent seen it yet. The most interesting part is the geniuses that in charge of the problems solving and fixing dont know how to solve and fix the potential problems yet.[8] Why secrecy is so important in Apple business strategy? It is because this approach has been critical to success, it will allowing Apple to attack the market share of other companies before for their competitors conscious about it. Usually if Steve found that if there are some breakage or potential products in the sectors, they will find the possibilities to connect it or create it out. Such as iPhone, it takes more than three years for Apple to figuring out how to product it should be, so that was three years ahead of their rivals. So when their rivals try to create some product to fight back, maybe Apple has brought their existing product into another level. This make Apple in lead of the sectors and their rivals keep catching up at behind. Since Apple image is about the secrecy, before any events that held by Apple, there are sure many rumors going on the tech website or media. But there sure will have leaks about the new product information. A former Apple manager describe that these sorts of leaks are handed down from senior Apple executives to the employees to contact major news or website outlets. The communication is always done in person or on the phone and never by e-mail. This is because if theres ever any dispute about what transpired, theres no physical evidence to prove the false of either partys version of the story.[9] So it is all about the business or marketing tactics. By control leaks, Apple will know who the public will respond to their new products and it is a free method to survey and free method to advertise the potential new products. All of the rumors or lawsuits that are related to Apple company well shown in their stock (AAPL) that listed on Nasdaq. The stock price will go higher before there are any events and if the new product release meets the public expectation the stock price will be rise again or remain same. But if out of expectation, the price will be drop. So as the lawsuits, by winning the lawsuit will help to push up the stock. 5.1.2 Open door versus closed door The second strategy related to secrecy is about the open door versus closed door. Since the day Microsoft collaborate with IBM when IBM approach Microsoft for needing the operating system for their new to-be-announced PC. The personal computer (PC) that creates by the IBM is open architecture, which means that peripheral components and compatible software can be produce and sell by other manufacturers without purchasing licenses. Soon there comes other manufactures to reverse engineered the PC which so call the IBM PC compatible. As the success of the IBM PC lead the PC become the standard in the industry and lead many of the other companies to start to clone it. Due to the popularity of the IBM PC, it helps to push to Microsoft to world because all of the clone will use the Microsoft DOS operating system. After more than 30 years of evolution, nowadays there are full of computer company such as Dell, Asus, Acer, etc which is PC maker and seller. It is not too over to say that each of the PC that they sold come with the pre-install Windows operating system that developed by Microsoft. The statistics showed that more than 90% of the operating system market shares are own by Microsoft.[10] How Microsoft reach so far? The answer is collaboration with the hardware manufactures and with software programmer. Microsoft released the Application Programming Interface (API) inside the operating system for the use of the programmer. Since the PC is very popular and due to the popularity and high demand, so there are a lots of programs which is wrote to be work in Windows operating system. Back to computer manufacture, each PC that preinstall with the Windows operating system must be genuine. The charge for the operating system at the end will be pay by the end users. From there Microsoft get a lo t of income from the licenses. Because of the needed of collaboration with different parties, Microsoft need to release their road map or preview of the new software in advance order to let or encourage or make sure the manufactures to build their offerings around Microsoft new systems. Sure, this will only let Microsoft a stranglehold on the software market. For Apple, it is totally different. Apple hardware is a close architecture, so only Apple proprietary software can match with proprietary hardware. It is totally black box operations. Mac OS X is just for Apple Mac computers, iPhone OS just for Apple iPhone or iPod. Apple have different keyboard layout, different connector for video output. By using iPod or iPhone, the only software that you can sync with is by using iTunes. Unlike Windows mobile operating system or Windows operating system that is designed to work on any participating computer or handset. So there is totally no openness and interoperability in Apple compare to Microsoft. Due to that close looped and high prices, less people which the Mac OS X market share less than 5% and the software that operable on the Mac OS X is quite limited and the driver for peripherals hardware that work with Mac OS X also limited. But on the other hand, because of the ecosystem, Apple can design the combination of hardware and software tha t work well together, this can ensure that whole system is running smoothly and to enhance the user experience which others cant deliver. The advantage for Apple is they only write the software for their own hardware so there are fewer problems, for Microsoft, as they need to support all of the variant hardware then it run on, so there will be more problems to deal with. 5.1.3 How to reach customers The third point is how the both company reach their customers. Usually there are three ways to reach the customers, first is through the official online store, secondly is directly through the concept store and the last and the most important method is through advertisement. The Microsoft online store aka Microsoft Marketplace offers all the latest products from Microsoft and computer or hardware by third party manufactures. It provides all the specifications, minimum requirements, pricing, comparison between products and other details that will be need by the buyers. User can select the products and add into cart then directly pay by credit card to get the products. Unfortunately, Microsoft Marketplace just available to selected countries only which exclude Malaysia. Beside for the software for computer, Microsoft also provides the software for smart phone. For the Windows mobile platform there is a special store or platform for users to view and download the applications, games tha t create by third party developer which name as Windows marketplace for mobile. The virtual store is not enough to interact with users. So why the concept store is so important? It is because there are demands for users to physically experience the stuff, to introduce to the new technology and get the direct help from the professionals. So it leads to opening of the official concept store. For Microsoft, they have total two Microsoft store at United States, both open in 2009. Microsoft store is target to improve the customers retail purchase experience for Microsoft products, provide opinions and help consumers to make decisions with their PC and software purchases. The store provide wide variety of products, it offers both hardware and software that create by Microsoft such as Microsoft windows, Microsoft office, Xbox 360, Zune potable media player etc. It also offers the personal computers that manufactured by third parties manufactures such as HP, IBM, Dell etc. Most of the PC peripherals and accessories can be found in the store too. For both hardware part a nd software part, customers can have a test drive at there about all the new technologies or functions that provide by Microsoft for new software and entertain their self with Xbox 360 or the Zune. There is also a corner named as Answer bar which duty by the Microsoft professional with the meaning of helps to answer and troubleshoot the problems about Microsoft products. Beside the normal customer service, they also provide the after sales service at there. For the faulty Microsoft hardware can be send to there for the repair. Class sessions also provided to introduce to the new users to highlight all the basic and new functions. For Apple, same as Microsoft, they have both the online store and the concept store so call Apple Store. But both the Apple online store and concept store are quite different with the Microsoft. For Microsoft the main idea is for promote and introduce their product to the public and not sales. This is because personal computer can buy from the manufacture and maybe the manufacture provides more promotions or offers. For the software part, most of them are bundle with the new computers. But this is totally different for Apple. For Apple, all the software and hardware are custom by themselves. So they are the only one who provides the service or warranty. All the faulty hardware which cant solve by the authorized distributor is send back to Apple. For Microsoft, they just provide online store for few countries, but for Apple, they provide the online store for most of the country in the world which all the price are display in the local currency. For Apple online store, they provide bot h the hardware and software from themselves and third party too. The special about the Apple online store is they provide the education discount for both the students and lectures. The education prices are lower than market price, so that it can encourage the students or lectures to switch to the Apple ecosystem more affordable. As mention above, Apple website is the only way to get the new information about the Apple. So as the online store, it is the only way to get information about the updates or refresh of the current Apple product lines. When the online store is down, there are only two possibilities, one is for maintenance and another is for product update. Beside the online store, there are other stores such as Apps Store which provide the applications for the ipod touch, iphone and ipad by third parties. Itunes store to sell the music, video, ringtone, drama to both the mac and windows users. For Apple concept store, there are totally 286 stores in worldwide. Inside the store provide all the product range from Apple. In order to run the store effectively and achieve high customers stratifications, all the staff are been well trained for specific tasks. The level of training depends on the post that currently holds. First is store manager that in charge of whole team members, evaluate their performance and manage the profitability. Second is concierge/ specialist, there are quite a numbers of specialist such as Inventory Control, Back of House and Personal Shopping Specialist. For Personal Shopping Specialist they performs assorted customer service tasks, such as conduct product sales and answers enquires about Apple products and their main task is to deliver unique shopping experience to customers . Third is Creative which been well trained to provides training or advice, teach about all Apples software and pro applications to customers. As Apple very focus about the cust omer service and from the statistic of Customer Service Champs 2010 that done from the BusinessWeek magazine, Apple get 3rd rank which is highest among all the computer manufacture. Last but not least, there is also Apple Genius that serves at the Genius Bar to diagnoses and identifies the possible problems, perform repairing, replacement services for the products that under recall or needed and provide technical support to Apple users. To attract the visitors to Apple store, Apple had made many affords. One of it is the architecture and interior design. In a results, numerous architectural awards been award to its store designs, so thats make it Apple Store so unique to each others such as the Apple Store at the 5th Avenue of New York. It is the underground store which its entrance is a big glass cube. The most unique and eyes catching interior design is the glass staircase that leads to the underground store. Beside that the glass staircase was awarded design pattern in 2002.[11] For the advertising part, both companies almost perform same to each other. First is by sending email. This is because it is a most cost effective way. Usually the email will introduce either the new products or the promotion of the current products. By sending the email or newsletter to the subscriber, it can create the awareness of the customers towards the advertisement, help to create loyal customers and serve as a reminder. Through the email newsletters that send, the direct sales can be increase and will lead to increase the income. Nowadays, the usages of the search engines are part of the daily life. Just key the website or information that wishes to look for at the search engine, and you will get the page that require. So advertising through the search engine is the way to do so. Search engine company provide paid search advertising at the top of the all the results when the keywords are matched. This allow interested visitor to browse the details, increase the business revenue and reduce spending limit. For Apple, for the major products such as iPod, iPhone and iPad, or when there are major improvements over old products, they will publish the advertisement video to introduce the features or the uniqueness of the products. Besides that, the most famous Apple advertisement is the Get a Mac, which use to compare between the PC and Mac computer. To compete with the advertisement, Microsoft creates Im PC advertisements which focus on the price of PC which is cheaper over Mac computers. Another strategy which use by Microsoft and later follow by Apple is use the strength of social media. By using social media, the end users or customers will help to spread out the information which is product advertising. The reviews by the professionals or pioneers are post at the Facebook or Youtube to introduce their products. Communicate with the users are important for Microsoft strategy, so they create blogs, discussion groups on forum or social networking website such as Facebook or even Twitter to provide the frequent information updates about new products and use the platform as the brand ambassador to increase to adoption rate of new products. From listening the feedback rather than self defend can help Microsoft to improve and create better products. As discussed above, the suggestions or opinions from users act as a feedback look and make a whole close loop ecosystem. For Apple, there are two official Facebook page, one for iTunes and another for Apps Store. The content include introduce the new apps or song and direct link to the store for further purchasing, which is another way to promote the items. Overall, the social media can be effective tool for marketing, it also allow user to voice their opinions and suggestions and participate in the product development cycle, which result better products for better future. [12] 5.2 Compare and Contrast of Innovations 5.2.1 Apple Innovations According to the survey percent of people thinks that Apple is more innovative. It is a norm where when discuss about innovation, most computer and electronics consumers will focus and chasing for Apple, and that why Forbes Magazine ranked Apple in 1st place for most admired company for innovation. The formula for Apple is keep increase the spending for RD, keep innovate, keep launch the new products or updates and lastly keep the competitors far behind. Apple do innovate quite a number of technologies, but it is surprise that in many cases Apple do help to push the technologies in the mainstream but Apple did not invent the core technologies. Steve jobs said that You cant ask people what they want next, they wont know, they cant tell you what they want next, they just know when they see it and feel that it gonna be right things. First of all is graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI was introduced by Apple in 1984 named as Mac OS pairing with its Apple Lisa computer and changes the computer industry since ever. Before the introduction of GUI to public, all the personal computers were power by dot matrix command line operating system, to execute any command, user need to type in the command and the interaction and it is not user friendly at all. In the truth is the GUI generally credited to Xerox because the idea is get from Xerox when Steve Jobs and other Apple executives visit the Xerox research center in 1979. On the other hand, Apple do help to innovate for GUI, Apple include the drag and drop, double click, menu bar at top of the screen with pull down menu. All the steps follow by Microsoft with release Windows 1.0 in late 1985. [13] With the introduced of GUI in Mac OS, Apple introduced the mouse to be the pointer for its GUI. Apple did not invent the mouse, the mouse was invent by Douglas Engelbart and ship with Xerox workstations in 1981. As a result of population, nowadays all the desktop computer must pair with a keyboard and mouse. [14] The successor for Apple Lisa is Apple Macintosh. It is the first commercially successful all in one personal computer feature with GUI and mouse. All in one computer not the original idea from Apple as older 8 bit computers such as Commodore PET and Kaypro implemented this concept first. [15] After Steve Jobs back in 1997, he announced iMac in 1998 which is all in one computer which brightly colored transparent casing for monitor, keyboard and mouse. This is the 1st computer for Apple to return its profitability after return if Steve. Since then iMac been categorized as mid range price computer and the newest of iMac feature 21.5 and 27 inch LCD screen. As the uniqueness and the all in one pc reduce the space consumption, nowadays other manufacture such as NEC, LENOVO, DELL release their own all in one pc with Windows OS to grab the market share of all in one pc. Another story for introduction of iMac in 1998 is abandoning old technology such as remove the floppy disk drive. The remove of floppy was

Issues in the Textile Industry

Issues in the Textile Industry The Textile Industry An overview of the textile industry The textile industry is regarded a major and largest industry around the world in terms of its output, production and employment. It brings a large contribution to various national economies including both global small and large-scale operations (Parvathi, et al., 2009). The textile manufacturing is based on the conversion of three types of fibre, the most one being yarn then fabric and finally textile. The fibres are then manufactured into clothes and others. However, the textile manufacturing originated from hand craft practices by spinners, weavers and some skilled craftsmen. The first textile companies surfaced in the United Kingdom and the Western European countries. This came with the new technological developments that were being introduced (Warshaw Leon, 2011). According to Warshaw and Leon (2011), the term textile industry was initially concerned only with the weaving of fibres, but today it involves a variety of processes. Therefore, as illustrated by Greenberg (2003), the production of textiles involve processes like; spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing and finishing of different natural and synthetic fibres. Today, wet processing is used in the finishing treatment of textiles. It is further categorised into 3 more processes, which is the; preparation process, coloration process and finishing process. Hazards present in the textile industry There are various hazards to which the textile workers are exposed. These hazards are categorised as; (i) exposure to chemical substances, (ii) exposure to physical agents, (iii) exposure to biological agents, (iv) exposure to dusts and fibres, and also (v) psychosocial hazards (European Agency for Safety and Health at work, 2008). Exposure to chemicals The spinning, weaving and knitting process do not involve high use of chemicals. The most substantial chemicals used in these operations are sizing agents like starch and other polymers such as lubricants to prevent yarns from being entangled. There is a wide variety of chemical substances used processes such as dyeing, printing, finishing, bleaching, washing, dry cleaning, sizing and spinning. The most commonly found chemicals are dyes, solvents, optical brighteners, crease resistance agents, flame retardants, heavy metals and anti-microbic agents. Textile fibres, reactive dyes, synthetic fibres and formaldehyde are the respiratory and skin sensitisers that can be identified in textile industries (European Agency for Safety and Health at work, 2008). The dyes that are used for cotton are usually classified into three groups; firstly is the water soluble dyes, secondly are dyes soluble by alkaline reduction and lastly are the dyes formed on fibre. In addition, workers may be also exp osed to aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as mineral spirits and kerosene, which are used for cleaning of equipments and parts of the plants (Greenberg, 2003) Exposure to physical agents From the European Agency for Safety and Health at work (2008), it has been concluded that textile workers are exposed to various physical agents such as noise and vibrations during the weaving, spinning, sewing, twisting and cutting process. As such, being exposed to very high noise level can result in permanent hearing damage while exposure to vibration along with other risk factors for Musculoskeletal Diseases can cause long term harm. It has been noticed that workers are also exposed to electromagnetic fields. Exposure to biological agents Biological agents are also present in the textile industry, in processes like carding and willowing. The workers are exposed to anthrax, clostridium tetani and coxiella burnetti. These can cause allergies and respiratory disorders. Normally, work areas having air conditioning systems and high humidity, the workers tend to have allergies and respiratory problems caused by moulds or yeasts. Exposure to dusts and fibres People working in the textile industry are usually exposed to airborne particles formed from both the natural and synthetic fibres in their work environment (Oldenburg et al., 2007). Studies have shown that workers in the textile industry are more prone to respiratory symptoms caused by cotton dust (Wang et al., 2003). In UK, the Workplace Exposure Limit (WEL) for inhalable cotton dust has been fixed at 2.5 mg/m3 for an 8 hour time weighted average (HSE, 2005). Psychosocial hazards in the textile industry Employees experience work-related stress when they are unable to cope with the work demands. The WHO (2003) define work-related stress as â€Å"the response people may have when presented with work demands and pressures that are not matched to their knowledge and abilities and which challenge their ability to cope†. As such, psychosocial risks have been considered as being an integral factor of the process of stress. On the one hand, these can be in relation to the job content, the organisation and management of work, environmental and planning conditions while on the other hand it can be in terms of the competence and needs of employees. The interaction between all these factors can be dangerous to the health of employees through their perceptions and experience (Cox et al., 2002). According to the WHO (2010), psychosocial risks and work-related stress are closely associated. However, textile workers are faced to psychosocial risks since they have to perform repetitive and fa st paced tasks and they cannot take any decision by themselves. The textile industry and green technology The textile industry has experienced a lot of changes and there has been the introduction of many new technologies. Today, it has been seen that there is a shift to more eco-friendly processes and chemicals used in the textile industry. These include the use of novel biopolymers along with some enzymes. The use of greener dyes forms part of the essential constituents of green technology. The other constituents of green technology in the textile industry encompass systems which include waste water reduction by recycling, automatic process control and other filtration techniques (Sekar, 1999). In the dyeing process, the usage of water accounts to approximately 30-60 litres of water for 1 kilogram of cloth, thus new technologies to minimise the use of water is being adopted (Deo Wassif , 1999). The new technologies that have been introduced in the textile dyeing and finishing process are as follows: Plasma Treatment Technology Plasma is the state of a gas when its kinetic energy increases to such an extent that the energy is equal to the ionisation energy of the gas. At this stage, the rapid cascading of ionisation caused by the collisions of the gas particles result in plasma. Plasma is the 4th state of matter. In addition, the plasma technology is applicable to the textile industries. It alters the chemical structure and surface properties of fabrics, chemical matters are deposited for better functionality and substances are removed from the fabrics to improve the applicability. The plasma technology is used mainly in the processes like pre-treatment, dyeing and finishing (Shah Shah, 2013). It is a green and simple process. Super Critical Dyeing Fluid A substance which is under a pressure above its critical temperature is known as a super critical fluid. There is no distinction between gases and liquids under these specific conditions and the substance is then characterised as a fluid. As such, super critical fluids possesses the same solvent power as light hydrocarbons used for most solutes. Super critical fluids is advantageous to the textile processing because of their ability to combine the properties of gases and liquids. Also, their solvating power is equivalent to their density while when referring to their viscosity, the normal gas possesses a similar one. However, it is this particular combination which gives it such impressive penetration properties. The dyeing process favour this increase in density along with the increased power of solvation because of the positive effect that it has on the dissolution of disperse dye in the super critical carbon dioxide medium (Kannan Nithyanandan, n.d.). Ultrasound The use of ultrasound in the textile industry started only after synthetic materials and their blends were introduced. It is applied mainly in mechanical processes (weaving, knitting and finishing) and wet processes (sizing, scouring, bleaching and dyeing). Ultrasound has a lot of benefits such as; the processing time and energy consumption is decreased, it enhances the quality of products and the use of auxiliary chemicals are reduced. For instance, using ultrasound in the dyeing process will replace expensive thermal energy and chemicals by electricity. Various experiments were carried out to show the effectiveness of ultrasound on textile and it has been shown that the adsorption power of disperse dyes on cellulose acetate is influenced greatly by ultrasound compared to the dyeing rate when using direct dyes ( (Prince, 2009). Electrochemical Process Technology Traditionally, electrochemical techniques were used only for compounds synthesis and treatment for metal recovery but today its use has been expanded to the textile industry. In order to obtain functionalised fabrics, electrochemistry is applied for the production of smart textiles. However this technique is used mainly in the bleaching of cotton fibres and finished denim fabrics. Electrochemical process is also applied in sulfur and vat dyeing processes to reduce the amount of dyes used making the process eco-friendly since it will not involve the addition of chemical reagents like sodium dithionite (Mireia Carmen, 2012). Electrochemical dyeing process has advantages like; product saving, less chemicals used, incomparable environmental compatibility and better quicker properties is achieved. Good reproducibility also is set by using electrochemical dyeing. (Das, et al., 2012) Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is concerned with materials which are 1 to 100 nm long. The use of nanotechnology in the textile industry increase the durability of fabrics. This is because nano-particles possesses large surface area-to-volume ratio and high surface energy which means that they have better affinity for fabrics, thus increasing the durability of the function. The sporting industry, skincare, space technology and clothing are some examples where the nanotech enhanced textiles are being applied. It ensures that the wearer is better protected when exposed to extreme environments. Therefore, to treat textiles with nanotechnology materials is a way to enhance the properties of the fabric by making it more durable and have nicer colours (Kiron, 2013). Impacts of textile industry on environment The textile industry is a diversified industry being from the raw materials used to the various techniques adopted. At each steps involved in manufacturing fabrics, there are a number of environmental impacts associated with them which are also varied. For instance, the spinning, weaving and industrial manufacture of garments affects the air quality while the dyeing and printing processes use up large amount of water and chemicals. Also, there is the emission of several volatile agents into the atmosphere which have harmful effects on the human health (Challa, n.d.). In addition, each stages of the textile processing generates innumerable wastes streams which are of liquid, gaseous, solid or hazardous nature. The type of textile processes, technologies used, chemicals used and types of fibres will determine the nature of wastes generated. However, the most prevailing environmental impact is the water body pollution which arises due to the disposal of untreated effluents. The second greatest environmental problems caused by the industry are air pollution caused by Volatile Organic compounds (VOC) and other air pollutants. The VOC does not only affects the environment but also the workers and public health. The noise level emitted by textile machineries can also harm the environment by disturbing the natural habitats of various species in the area (C Parvathi, T Maruthavanan, C Prakash, 2009). The role of textile industry in the Mauritian economy The textile industry was set up and appeared in the government agenda of Mauritius in the 1960s. The industry then experienced a drastic expansion during the year 1980 to 2000. Mauritius was faced with a series of positive conditions for the past 30 years. These conditions helped the country in achieving a solid textile industry along with foreign and local investment. The industry was regarded as the main employer of Mauritius and contributed to 12 % of the GDP. However, the textile industry has not only brought a lot of improvements and developments to the economy of the country, but it can be said that its success also coincides with the social changes that came along. The first change is that it has encouraged the emancipation of women. Many women were employed when the textile industry developed. In fact the number of women being employed today also is increasing. The women, who were once viewed as housewives and who did not have the opportunity to study, were regarded as an important pool of labour. Working women started to bring income in the family and this eventually changed their role; they were no longer considered as docile housewife but an independent income earner. The second change is that the status of families has increased from the past years since a working woman helped in increasing the family income (Joomun, 2006). Today, the textile industry of Mauritius has achieved a very high status among other countries and there is currently about 174 textile entreprises employing approximately 55000 people. The industry has invested continuously on innovation and greener production to satisfy the demand of the global market which is emphasising more on eco-friendly practices and products.1http://www.gov.mu/portal/sites/nsp/industry/greenertex.htm In 2009, Mauritius was ranked as the second largest buyer of machineries, accounting to 2300 machines and 9 % of the global sales. Mauritian manufacturers have also invested in latest cleaner technologies and reorganised their activities so as to combat against the low-cost competition of Asian countries. As such the Mauritian and Indian Governments have collaborated together and signed a contract for the transfer of new technologies along with deciding on ways of improving the performance of the textile sector in Mauritius2http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/text ile-news/mauritius/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=119742

Teen Alcatraz :: essays research papers

Teen Alcatraz   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was the year 1999, I was a reckless little 13 year old. I had been in and out of foster care for years. I had been adopted at 7 years old by a senile 50 year old single woman. She treated my foster siblings and I like we were trash. She was basically the wicked witch from the west. She used us and abused us; she treated us like her personal slaves. I had decided that I could not go on living like this, and I was running away and I would never return that house again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One cold night, my cousin and I decided our lives were intolerable. We planned our great escape. We threw our bags out of our bedroom windows. Then at exactly 10:30, we walked out our front doors and ran to the nearest empty factory, and met there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We ran for hours and hours, our destination was an old abandoned trailor of my cousins. It was a crazy night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By the time we made it to the trailor, hours later I was dirty, mad, and I had wet pants.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We walked inside, the broken down trailor and just started to get into pajamas and there was headlights in the driveway. I panicked and hid. My cousin yelled, â€Å"Krissy, Krissy, it’s my mommy!,† I said, â€Å"HIDE!!!!!,† because I was not going back to that tyrannical mother of mine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well, I guess my cousin was feeling the same as me and she decided to RUN outside to her mother and rat us both out. Her mother, my aunt, let me stay with her that night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next day at school, I was called to the principal’s office, and a lady from the Department of Human Services was there. She proceeded to tell me that if I would not go home, right then and there, that their only choice was to send me to shelter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I, being as naà ¯ve as I was, said, â€Å"FINE! At least I can start over!†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So, that very day they, transferred me in the middle of Social Studies test to a place where they said I would love, and people would treat me how I wanted to be treated, this place would be called, â€Å"Agency Shelter.† It was about five miles from Ottumwa, Ia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was about an hour and half drive. I was terrified, and happy at the same time.

Comparing Carbon Footprint of Reusable Nalgene Water Bottles to Single

One of the greatest problems facing humanity is global climate change. Global climate change is the increase in average global temperature, caused by an increase in greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are the blanket of gases surrounding the earth that allow the world to be inhabitable. This layer of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases works in the same way that a greenhouse does, by trapping heat energy inside the atmosphere. Unfortunately, since the Industrial Revolution, people have released more of these gases into the atmosphere, thickening the blanketing layer. This thicker layer traps more heat, leading to dramatic changes in the earth's climate. In order to reduce to potential climate change, the amount of greenhouse gases being released need to be reduced. One starting point to reducing the amount of greenhouse gases that you release is to find your carbon footprint. The carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases that is emitted over the full life of a process. Although it is called the carbon footprint, it is a measure of the total greenhouse gases released, converted to the equivalent amount of CO2. This number is not completely accurate, but it is a good estimate of the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere through our activities. Once you have found your personal carbon footprint, you can begin to work to reduce it. One way to reduce your carbon footprint is to look closely at each product you use, and find a more carbon efficient version. This paper can help you with that. In this paper, you will find a comparison of the carbon footprint o... ...s&oldid=228960982 Pacific Institute (2008). Bottled Water and Energy: A Fact Sheet. Retrieved July 31, 2008, Web site: http://www.pacinst.org/topics/water_and_sustainability/bottled_water/bottled_water_and_energy.html Pimental, David & Marcia. "Energy use in food processing for nutrition and development." Retrieved July 31, 2008, from http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food/8f072e/8f072e06.htm Neustaedter, Randall (7/18/2004). Plastic Water Bottles. Retrieved July 31, 2008, from Holistic Pediatric Association Web site: http://www.hpakids.org/holistic-health/articles/108/1/Plastic-Water-Bottles Images http://jamaicaplainforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/low-carbon-diet-earth.jpg http://archives.zinester.com/13183/128920/202817_global-warming%20(Small).jpg http://www.martin-waugh.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/08/water-drop-1b.jpg http://www.nalgene.com

Answering Children’s Questions

All the children are very curious and they always ask a lot of questions because they want to know a lot of things. â€Å"Where does water come from? â€Å", â€Å"why is the sky blue? † and â€Å"what is infinity? † are among the questions that parents struggle to answer for their children. Another query that has tripped up mothers and fathers for generations is, â€Å"where do babies come from? † Most parents are unable to give a correct answer to the basic questions from children about the planet, outer space and the human body. Some of them say that â€Å"babies are delivered by storks†, others – that â€Å"babies are found under gooseberry bushes†. Also parents find moral questions about God and religion hard to answer. I think that every parent should follow some principles answering children’s questions, and the first of these principles is â€Å"Never to lie†. Because children are very quick-witted and they may think so â€Å"If you found me under a gooseberry bush it means that someone had left me there†¦ and who is this someone? † It would me much more difficult to answer. The second thing is that we all must learn till we live. And if we don’t know something it’s never late to learn. So if a child asks â€Å"What is a black hole† or something like that, it would be appropriate to say â€Å"Let's look that up in the encyclopedia. † So we can show the child the way he can learn things and encourage him to seek response through authority in the future. One more thing we can do is encourage brainstorming, or consideration of alternative explanations. For example, if a child asks â€Å"Why are all the people in Holland so tall? , the parent can answer â€Å"Let's brainstorm some possible answers. Maybe its genetics, or maybe its diet, or maybe everybody in Holland wears elevator shoes, or †¦ etc. † And then the child and his parent can decide which answer is the right one. We should never avoid answering the child’s question saying â€Å"I don’t know† because the child has nobody except his pare nt to ask. Answering children’s question gives us an opportunity to revive the child in ourselves, awake our imagination and help the little one to understand the world better.

Holocaust Awareness…Contemporary Lessons Essay

hardly a(prenominal) blushts in recent history harbor had as dramatic an impact on history as the mass impinge on of Jews in parsimony camps during serviceman contend II, the final solution. The final solution appears to be a comfortably registered event (Hilberg, 1992), yet immediately on that point be those who feel it is nonwithstanding a myth. When he discovered the preoccupation camps, General and emerging President Dwight David Eisenhower knew that a future day would come when stack would claim that the final solution n ever so happened, so he took great pains to document and record the events on film so that the origination would never forget.Even so, his efforts did non go past what he knew would happen. In filth of say to the contrary, nowadays, on that point are many who claim that the Holocaust did not hail and that there is no evidence that it did. tho the evidence suggests that is did happen and connatural events such(prenominal) as the murd er of more than 2 million batch by the Khmer paint in Cambodia plus mass murders hea because intolerance in Iraq, the Sudan, Rwanda and Yugoslavia continue to mesh place even now. During the early hours of kinfolk 1, 1939, Adolph Hitler invaded Poland bringing ab by the Second World state of war.Historically, this war began because of Hitlers contempt regarding the focusing Germans were treated at the end of the world-class World War and other connect ends. At the conviction World War II began, there was a world wide depression that helped bring Hitler ruddiness to antecedent in Germany and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to power in the U. S. It is generally viewed that Hitler used the issue of Judaic economic domination in Germany two to push for war and as an excuse for the economic woes of Germany.(Bartov, 2000 Friedman, 1993). Ultimately, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germanys economic problems and to begin exterminating them in concentration campsmass genocide. (Gigliotti and Lang, 2005) on a de musical scale that surpassed anything that had ever happened up to that time in spite of appearance so short a time span. Does engraining memories of past atrocities into the public psyche eliminate future atrocities? Political campaigns install that by slinging mud sensdidates provide fall upon recognition for their opp mavinnt(s).In a akin vain, peradventure remembering the events of the Holocaust and similar events throughout history (and unfortunately, unperturbed occurring some the world today) go out only moil home the occurrence that those events exist and are continuing. Do we existingly want to do that? We could be reinforcing the Holocaust in the minds of individuals who magnate not otherwise be assured that any such thing has ever happened or ever will. We have any reason to believe that Hitler knew of the mass experimental extinction of the millions of Jews but ironically, there is no authenticated evidence in writing to endure this idea.(Irving, 1977) Most German citizens during WWII also claimed ignorance of the Judaic defunctness in progress at the time. How could such a widespread extermination and mass murder have at peace(p) unnoticed and Where are the documents to show that Hitler was aware of it? Today, nearly seventy years aft(prenominal) the beginning of WWII and Jewish extermination, the question is still asked, Did Hitler even know about the Jewish extermination process underway? The fact that anyone even asks this question is, perhaps, the greatest evidence that we need to teach that it is a real part of human history. While it shoot the breezems ill-considered to assume that Hitler actually had no friendship of what was going on, it appears to be equally honest that few if any documents exist to demonstrate his knowledge of what was going on (Irving, 1977) even though there certainly appears to be a great deal of financial backing about the war and the Holocaust (Wolfe, 1990). We hatful only wonder why these distant situations exist.In his 1977 book Hitlers War, one noted British historian, David Irving, outlines why he feels that stories of the mass killings of European Jews in last Camps are merely British and Ameri mess inventions, war-time propaganda perpetrated by the Allies. Irving presents several lines of argument to musical accompaniment his claims. For example, he points out that there is no archival evidence anywhere for the gassings, no wartime German documents that refer to the gassings of human beings and there is no clear evidence as to who gave the orders to gas people.He also claims that rhetorical tests of the laboratories, crematoria, gas chambers and Auschwitz fail to rule any trace or of import residue of a cyanide compound. Irving dismisses oculus witness accounts on the grounds that there are equal numbers of heart and soul witness accounts of the gas chambers in Dachau even though there werent any gas chambers in D achau and he believes that photographs documenting the Holocaust have been misrepresented. why is it so vital that we remember the Holocaust?Arguments dissolve be made both for and against that stance, but certainly, the history of the Holocaust should not be slighted or overlooked. The repeated efforts to sift to wipe the memory of the Holocaust out of the human psyche as if it never occurred may be one of the strongest points in favor or remembering it. The intend purpose of engraining events from the Holocaust into the mind of todays generation is to allow them to expose the less(prenominal)ons of horror from the past and annul themso that we wont repeat them.Whether this is dependable or not, we more or less taking comfort in the belief, mature or wrong, that if people weigh the horrors of those events, they will make every effort to avoid them, prevent them and take precautions against repeating them whenever they see the signs in the future. Perhaps the way to trash fu ture human atrocities is to focus on the opposite rather than to memorialize them. What lessons can we learn from the Holocaust? First, the Holocaust demonstrates how vainglorious groups and numbers of people, even on the scale of nations, can subtly be influenced into groupthink (i.e. , where groups of people think and behave alike because others are thinking and behaving the same way) (Janis, 1972) and manipulated by a very few influential individuals. Second, the Holocaust demonstrates that all too often, man treats his confrere man inhumanely. How do we avoid this in the future? I fear that there is no global answer. Whenever such a situation begins in the future, only then can we address the issue. Another lesson we can learn is that anyone can be the victim, so everyone should recognize and acknowledge it whenever it happens.When we recognize it, we mustiness act together to stop it, and that, unfortunately, is oft easier said then done. Perhaps there is no satisfactory s olution to preventing future atrocities like the Holocaust. In he end, perhaps all be can do is to try to recognize such events when we see them approaching and then to do everything we can to prevent them.ReferencesBartov, Omar. The Holocaust. Origin, Implementation, Aftermath. New York, NY Routledge, 2000. Friedman, Saul S. Holocaust Literature. A Handbook of Critical, Historical and literary Writing. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1993.Gigliotti, Simone and Berel Lang. The Holocaust. A Reader. Oxford Blackwell Publishing, 2005. Hilberg, Raul. Perpetrators Victims Bystanders. The Jewish cataclysm 1933-1945. New York, NY Aaron Asher Books, 1992. Irving, David. Hitlers War. New York, NY Viking Press, 1977. Janis, Irving L. Victims of Groupthink. capital of Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972. Levi, Neil and Michael Rothberg. The Holocaust. Theoretical Readings. New Brunswick. NJ Rutgers University Press, 2003. Wolfe, Robert. Holocaust. The documental Evidence. Washington, DC National Archives and Records Administration, 1990.